An atom with a mass number of 18 that contains 10 neutrons would have an atomic number of ___
8
Matter exists in three forms:
solids, liquids, gases
The building blocks of carbohydrates are the monomers ______ while the building blocks of proteins are the monomers _______
monosaccharides
amino acids
T/F
The elements that compose most of the body's mass are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
True
T/F
Ionic bonds are created when atoms lose, gain or share electrons in the valence shell
False
Ionic: lose or gain
Covalent: share
T/F
Human blood has a normal pH between 7.35 and 7.45 and is considered slightly alkaline
True
Which of the following would be considered a compound?
C6H12O6
O2
Fe
H2
CH4
C6H12O6 and CH4
*compound is a combination of atoms of 2 or more different elements!!
The monosaccharides glucose and fructose combine to form the disaccharide sucrose by a process known as
dehydration synthesis
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
store energy
Which of the following organic compounds are classified as lipids?
1. polysaccharides
2. triglycerides
3. steroids
4. enzymes
5. eicosanoids
2, 3, 5
poly: carbohydrates
enzymes: proteins
A compound dissociates in water and forms a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH-. This substance most likely is:
acid
base
enzyme
buffer
salt
salt
Which statements are TRUE regarding ATP?
1. ATP is the energy currency for the cell
2. The energy supplied by the hydrolysis of ATP is constantly being used by cells
3. Energy is req'd to produce ATP
4. The production of ATP involves both aerobic and anaerobic phases.
5. The process of producing energy in the form of ATP is termed the law of conservation of energy
1, 2, 3 and 4
5- The law of conservation of energy states that energy is not created or destroyed, it merely changes form
During the course of analyzing a chemical, a chemist determines that the chemical is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion 1 C to 2 H to 1 O. Chemical is probably:
a monosaccharide
An abundant polar covalent molecule that serves as a solvent, has a high heat capacity, creates high surface tension, and serves as a lubricant:
water
a substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions
acid
a substance that dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is a hydrogen ion or hydroxyl ion
salt
a proton acceptor
base
a measure of hydrogen ion concentration
pH
a chemical compound that can convert strong acids and bases into weak ones
buffer
a catalyst for chemical reactions that is specific, efficient and under cellular control
enzyme
a single-stranded compound that contains a five-carbon sugar, and the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil
RNA
a compound that functions to temporarily store and then transfer energy liberated in exergonic reactions to cellular activities that require energy
ATP
a double stranded compound that contains a five-sugar carbon, the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine and the body's genetic material
DNA
a charged atom
ion
a charged atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell
free radical