Chapter 13 Questions Flashcards

The best descriptive term for the resident microbes is

Resident microbiota is commonly found in the

Normal resident microbes are absent from the:

The general phenomenon whereby a person's resident microbiota play an important role in helping to protect against intruding microorganisms by limiting attachment sites, and/or altering the local chemical and physiological environment of the body is called

The human body is colonized at/during the birthing process; in utero the body is sterile.

Any characteristic or structure of the microbe that increases the ability of the organism to cause infection or a disease state is called a fomite.

The specific action of hemolysins is to

The most common resident microbiota in the mouth is Streptococcus species.

The portal of entry into the human body for the greatest number of pathogens is the:

The infectious dose is the:

Which of the following is(are) considered virulence factor(s)?

-bacterial capsules
-fimbriae
-exotoxins
-all of theseall of these

Endotoxins are only produced by Gram (-) bacteria.

In the phases of clinical infectious disease, which of the following is a short period marked by mild signs and symptoms?

A(n) _____ infection is an infection that compounds a pre-existing one

The term ____ infection is used to refer to the initial infection in a previously health individual, which can later be complicated by an additional infection caused by a difference microbe.

An infection that remains confined to the initial infection site is called a(n) ____ infection.

The portal of entry for pathogens that are transmitted through sexual contact is the _____ tract.

True or False: A disease is considered communicable when the infectious agent can be transmitted from infected host to new host and establish infection in that host.

When a virus persists inside the host in an inactive state, this is specifically referred to as _____

Disease _____ is the total number of cases of a particular disease within the entire population.

Damage from excess host immune responses is a form of ____ ____

A ____ ____ is a property of a microbe that improves their invasiveness or ability to evade host defenses in order to cause disease.

The collection and keeping of data for a large number of diseases seen by the medical community and reprotable to public health authorities is called ____

epidemic across continents

when prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected

when occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals

disease that exhibits a
relatively steady frequency over a long period of time in a particular geographic locale

number of people afflicted with a certain disease

the total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease

as person begins to respond to infection, symptoms decline

time from initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of first symptoms; agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to cause symptoms; several hours to several years

If a nurse transfers a pathogen between patients without becoming infected herself, the nurse has acted as the

A ______ infection is acquired in a hospital

Virulence factors include

A short period early in a disease that manifests with general malaise and achiness is the

The presence of a few bacteria in the blood is termed

A/an ________ is a passive animal transporter of pathogens.

A general term that refers to an increased white blood cell count is

A positive antibody test for HIV would be a _______ of infection

Which of the following would not be a portal of entry?

cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not natural to them
-Pseudomonas sp & Candida albicans

toxic to white blood cells

microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue

Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are:

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the:

Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a:

An animal such as an arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a:Vector

animals that participate in life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are:

microbes that occupy the body for only short periods

An infection harbored in animals but naturally transmissible to humans