front 1 The best descriptive term for the resident microbes is | back 1 commensals |
front 2 Resident microbiota is commonly found in the | back 2 urethra |
front 3 Normal resident microbes are absent from the: | back 3 lungs |
front 4 The general phenomenon whereby a person's resident microbiota play an important role in helping to protect against intruding microorganisms by limiting attachment sites, and/or altering the local chemical and physiological environment of the body is called | back 4 microbial antagonism |
front 5 The human body is colonized at/during the birthing process; in utero the body is sterile. | back 5 True |
front 6 Any characteristic or structure of the microbe that increases the ability of the organism to cause infection or a disease state is called a fomite. | back 6 False |
front 7 The specific action of hemolysins is to | back 7 damage red blood cells |
front 8 The most common resident microbiota in the mouth is Streptococcus species. | back 8 true |
front 9 The portal of entry into the human body for the greatest number of pathogens is the: | back 9 the respiratory tract |
front 10 The infectious dose is the: | back 10 the minimum number of organisms necessary to cause disease |
front 11 Which of the following is(are) considered virulence factor(s)? -bacterial capsules | back 11 all of these |
front 12 Endotoxins are only produced by Gram (-) bacteria. | back 12 True |
front 13 In the phases of clinical infectious disease, which of the following is a short period marked by mild signs and symptoms? | back 13 the prodromal stage |
front 14 A(n) _____ infection is an infection that compounds a pre-existing one | back 14 secondary |
front 15 The term ____ infection is used to refer to the initial infection in a previously health individual, which can later be complicated by an additional infection caused by a difference microbe. | back 15 primary |
front 16 An infection that remains confined to the initial infection site is called a(n) ____ infection. | back 16 localized |
front 17 The portal of entry for pathogens that are transmitted through sexual contact is the _____ tract. | back 17 Urogenital |
front 18 True or False: A disease is considered communicable when the infectious agent can be transmitted from infected host to new host and establish infection in that host. | back 18 True |
front 19 When a virus persists inside the host in an inactive state, this is specifically referred to as _____ | back 19 latency |
front 20 Disease _____ is the total number of cases of a particular disease within the entire population. | back 20 prevalence |
front 21 Damage from excess host immune responses is a form of ____ ____ | back 21 indirect damage |
front 22 A ____ ____ is a property of a microbe that improves their invasiveness or ability to evade host defenses in order to cause disease. | back 22 virulence factor |
front 23 The collection and keeping of data for a large number of diseases seen by the medical community and reprotable to public health authorities is called ____ | back 23 surveillance |
front 24 epidemic across continents | back 24 pandemic |
front 25 when prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected | back 25 epidemic |
front 26 when occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals | back 26 sporadic |
front 27 disease that exhibits a | back 27 endemic |
front 28 number of people afflicted with a certain disease | back 28 Morbidity rate |
front 29 the total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease | back 29 Mortality rate |
front 30 as person begins to respond to infection, symptoms decline | back 30 convalescent period |
front 31 time from initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of first symptoms; agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to cause symptoms; several hours to several years | back 31 incubation period |
front 32 If a nurse transfers a pathogen between patients without becoming infected herself, the nurse has acted as the | back 32 Passive Carrier |
front 33 A ______ infection is acquired in a hospital | back 33 Nosocomial |
front 34 Virulence factors include | back 34 A)toxins B)enzymes C)capsules |
front 35 A short period early in a disease that manifests with general malaise and achiness is the | back 35 sequela |
front 36 The presence of a few bacteria in the blood is termed | back 36 bacteremia |
front 37 A/an ________ is a passive animal transporter of pathogens. | back 37 C)mechanical vector |
front 38 A general term that refers to an increased white blood cell count is | back 38 leukocytosis |
front 39 A positive antibody test for HIV would be a _______ of infection | back 39 A)sign |
front 40 Which of the following would not be a portal of entry? | back 40 test the effects of pathogen on humans |
front 41 cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised or when they
grow in part of the body that is not natural to them | back 41 Opportunistic pathogens |
front 42 toxic to white blood cells | back 42 leukocidins |
front 43 microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue | back 43 Localized infection |
front 44 Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are: | back 44 The patient's own normal flora |
front 45 The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the: | back 45 Reservoir |
front 46 Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a: | back 46 Carrier |
front 47 An animal such as an arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a:Vector | back 47 Vector |
front 48 animals that participate in life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are: | back 48 Biological vectors |
front 49 microbes that occupy the body for only short periods | back 49 Transient flora |
front 50 An infection harbored in animals but naturally transmissible to humans | back 50 zoonosis |