Aorta
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
largest artery in body; issuing from left ventricle
superior vena cava
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
precava; largest, dark-colored vessel entering the base of the heart
inferior vena cava
post cava; enters right atrium
coronary arteries
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
supply myocardium; can be seen on surface of heart
heart
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
in mediastinum enclosed by pericardium
lungs
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
flanking the heart
thymus
superior to and partially covering the heart; large in young cats & replaced by fat in older cats
liver
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
posterior to diaphragm
stomach
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
dorsally located and to the left of liver
spleen
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
flattened, brown organ curving around the lateral aspect of the stomach
small intestine
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
continues posteriorly from stomach
large intestine
![card image](../uploads/404/44/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001144.png)
takes a U-shaped course around small intestine and terminates in rectum
aortic arch
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
gives off two large vessels: left subclavian artery and brachiocephalic artery
brachiocephalic artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
has three major branches:
Right subclavian artery, and right/left common carotid arteries
Difference between origin of left common carotid arteries in humans & cats
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
In humans, the left common carotid artery & left subclavian artery are direct braches off aortic arch
right common carotid artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
gives off branches to neck muscles, thyroid gland, and trachea
branches to form external/internal carotid arteries
right subclavian artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
gives off four branches:
vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk, and internal thoracic artery
vertebral artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
along with internal carotid artery supplies the arterial circulation of the brain
costocervical trunk
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
branches to the costal and cervical regions
thyrocervical trunk
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
branches to the shoulder
internal thoracic (mammary) artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
serving the ventral thoracic artery
axillary artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
when subclavian passes in front of first rib, it becomes this artery. Branches of this artery include: ventral thoracic artery, long thoracic artery, and subscapular artery which supply the trunk and shoulder muscles
ventral thoracic artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
to the pectoral muscles
long thoracic artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
to pectoral muscles and latissimus dorsi
subscapular artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
to trunk muscles
brachial artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
as axillary artery enters the arm, it becomes this artery which branches at the elbow to produce the radial and ulnar arteries
radial and ulnar arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
serve the forearm and hand
celiac trunk
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
supplies the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and the spleen
superior mesenteric artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
immediately posterior to celiac trunk
supplies the small intestine and most of large intestine
adrenolumnar arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
paired arteries diverging from aorta slightly posterior to superior mesenteric artery
supply the muscles of the body wall and adrenal glands
renal arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
paired arteries supplying kidneys
gonadal arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
ovarian or testicular arteries that supply gonads
inferior mesenteric artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
unpaired; thin vessel arising from ventral surface of aorta posterior to the gonadal arteries
supplies the second half of large intestines
iliolumbar arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
paired, rather large arteries that supply the body musculature in iliolumbar region
external iliac arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
paired arteries which continue through the body wall & pass under the inguinal ligament to hindlimb
internal iliac arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
two arteries which supply the pelvic viscera
Difference between iliac arteries in cat and humans
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
there is NO COMMON ILIAC ARTERY in cat
median sacral artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
descending abdominal aorta divides into the two internal iliac arteries and ___________
caudal artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
as median sacral artery enters tail, it becomes this artery
femoral artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
courses through thigh and gives off branches to thigh muscles
saphenous artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
branches off femoral artery to supply medial portion of the leg
popliteal artery
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
descends deep to knee to become this artery which gives off two branches:
sural artery and posterior tibial artery
sural, posterior tibial, and anterior tibial arteries
![card image](../uploads/405/45/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001146.png)
supply the leg and foot
Aygos vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
passing directly into tits dorsal surface
drains the thoracic intercostal muscles
internal thoracic (mammary) vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drains chest and abdominal wall
right vertebral vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drains spinal cord and brain
right and left brachiocephalic veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
form the precava by their union
Difference in formation of brachiocephalic veins in humans and cats
Humans: brachiocephalic vein is formed by union of internal jugular vein and subclavian veins
Cats: formed by union of external jugular vein and subclavian veins
external jugular vein
![card image](../uploads/407/47/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001154.png)
courses anteriorly along side of neck to point where its joined on medial surface by internal jugular vein
Difference in cat & human jugular veins
Human: internal jugular vein is considerably larger & drains into subclavian vein
Cat: External jugular vein is larger & internal jugular vein drains into it
subclavian vein
![card image](../uploads/407/47/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001154.png)
moves laterally toward the arm; becomes axillary vein
axillary vein
![card image](../uploads/407/47/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001154.png)
becomes this vein as it passes in front of first rib and runs through brachial plexus giving off subscapular vein
subscapular vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drains the proximal part of the arm and shoulder
brachial vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
axillary vein becomes this vein as it enters the arm; receives radial/ulnar vein at the inner bend of elbow
radial and ulnar veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drain the forelimb
cephalic vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
on dorsal side of the arm; communicates with brachial vein via median cubital vein in elbow then enters transverse scapular vein in shoulder
hepatic veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
entering postcava from liver
adrenolumbar veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
empty into postcava and drain adrenal glands and body wall
renal veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drain the kidneys & empties into postcava
(common to find two right renal veins)
gonadal veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
testicular or ovarian veins
left vein of this venous pair enters the left renal vein anteriorly
Iliolumbar veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drain muscles of the back & empties into postcava
common iliac veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
unite to form postcava
internal and external iliac veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
unite to form common iliac veins
internal iliac veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
receive branches from pelvic organs and gluteal region
external iliac veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
receives venous drainage from lower limb
deep femoral vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drains the thigh and external genital region
femoral vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
receives blood from the thigh, leg, and foot
formed by union of great saphenous vein and popliteal vein
great saphenous vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
superficial vein that courses up inner aspect of calf & across inferior portion o gracilis muscle to enter femoral vein
popliteal vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
located deep in the thigh beneath the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles in popliteal spaces accompanying popliteal artery
posterior and anterior tibial veins
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
drain the leg
hepatic portal vein
![card image](../uploads/408/48/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001148.png)
formed by the union of the gastrosplenic and superior mesenteric veins
Difference between formation of hepatic portal vein in cats and humans
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
Humans: formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins
Cat: formed by union of gastrosplenic and superior mesenteric veins
Gastrosplenic vein
![card image](../uploads/409/49/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001150.png)
carries blood from spleen and stomach
located dorsal to stomach
superior mesenteric vein
![card image](../uploads/408/48/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001148.png)
large vein draining small and large intestine and pancreas
inferior mesenteric vein
![card image](../uploads/406/46/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001152.png)
parallels course of inferior mesenteric artery
empties into superior mesenteric vein
pancreaticoduodenal vein
![card image](../uploads/408/48/_1ab14c46_1620239ffb9__8000_00001148.png)
anterior branch empties into hepatic portal vein
posterior branch empties into superior mesenteric vein