front 1 Aorta | back 1 ![]() largest artery in body; issuing from left ventricle |
front 2 superior vena cava | back 2 ![]() precava; largest, dark-colored vessel entering the base of the heart |
front 3 inferior vena cava | back 3 post cava; enters right atrium |
front 4 coronary arteries | back 4 ![]() supply myocardium; can be seen on surface of heart |
front 5 heart | back 5 ![]() in mediastinum enclosed by pericardium |
front 6 lungs | back 6 ![]() flanking the heart |
front 7 thymus | back 7 superior to and partially covering the heart; large in young cats & replaced by fat in older cats |
front 8 liver | back 8 ![]() posterior to diaphragm |
front 9 stomach | back 9 ![]() dorsally located and to the left of liver |
front 10 spleen | back 10 ![]() flattened, brown organ curving around the lateral aspect of the stomach |
front 11 small intestine | back 11 ![]() continues posteriorly from stomach |
front 12 large intestine | back 12 ![]() takes a U-shaped course around small intestine and terminates in rectum |
front 13 aortic arch | back 13 ![]() gives off two large vessels: left subclavian artery and brachiocephalic artery |
front 14 brachiocephalic artery | back 14 ![]() has three major branches: Right subclavian artery, and right/left common carotid arteries |
front 15 Difference between origin of left common carotid arteries in humans & cats | back 15 ![]() In humans, the left common carotid artery & left subclavian artery are direct braches off aortic arch |
front 16 right common carotid artery | back 16 ![]() gives off branches to neck muscles, thyroid gland, and trachea branches to form external/internal carotid arteries |
front 17 right subclavian artery | back 17 ![]() gives off four branches: vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk, and internal thoracic artery |
front 18 vertebral artery | back 18 ![]() along with internal carotid artery supplies the arterial circulation of the brain |
front 19 costocervical trunk | back 19 ![]() branches to the costal and cervical regions |
front 20 thyrocervical trunk | back 20 ![]() branches to the shoulder |
front 21 internal thoracic (mammary) artery | back 21 ![]() serving the ventral thoracic artery |
front 22 axillary artery | back 22 ![]() when subclavian passes in front of first rib, it becomes this artery. Branches of this artery include: ventral thoracic artery, long thoracic artery, and subscapular artery which supply the trunk and shoulder muscles |
front 23 ventral thoracic artery | back 23 ![]() to the pectoral muscles |
front 24 long thoracic artery | back 24 ![]() to pectoral muscles and latissimus dorsi |
front 25 subscapular artery | back 25 ![]() to trunk muscles |
front 26 brachial artery | back 26 ![]() as axillary artery enters the arm, it becomes this artery which branches at the elbow to produce the radial and ulnar arteries |
front 27 radial and ulnar arteries | back 27 ![]() serve the forearm and hand |
front 28 celiac trunk | back 28 ![]() supplies the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and the spleen |
front 29 superior mesenteric artery | back 29 ![]() immediately posterior to celiac trunk supplies the small intestine and most of large intestine |
front 30 adrenolumnar arteries | back 30 ![]() paired arteries diverging from aorta slightly posterior to superior mesenteric artery supply the muscles of the body wall and adrenal glands |
front 31 renal arteries | back 31 ![]() paired arteries supplying kidneys |
front 32 gonadal arteries | back 32 ![]() ovarian or testicular arteries that supply gonads |
front 33 inferior mesenteric artery | back 33 ![]() unpaired; thin vessel arising from ventral surface of aorta posterior to the gonadal arteries supplies the second half of large intestines |
front 34 iliolumbar arteries | back 34 ![]() paired, rather large arteries that supply the body musculature in iliolumbar region |
front 35 external iliac arteries | back 35 ![]() paired arteries which continue through the body wall & pass under the inguinal ligament to hindlimb |
front 36 internal iliac arteries | back 36 ![]() two arteries which supply the pelvic viscera |
front 37 Difference between iliac arteries in cat and humans | back 37 ![]() there is NO COMMON ILIAC ARTERY in cat |
front 38 median sacral artery | back 38 ![]() descending abdominal aorta divides into the two internal iliac arteries and ___________ |
front 39 caudal artery | back 39 ![]() as median sacral artery enters tail, it becomes this artery |
front 40 femoral artery | back 40 ![]() courses through thigh and gives off branches to thigh muscles |
front 41 saphenous artery | back 41 ![]() branches off femoral artery to supply medial portion of the leg |
front 42 popliteal artery | back 42 ![]() descends deep to knee to become this artery which gives off two branches: sural artery and posterior tibial artery |
front 43 sural, posterior tibial, and anterior tibial arteries | back 43 ![]() supply the leg and foot |
front 44 Aygos vein | back 44 ![]() passing directly into tits dorsal surface drains the thoracic intercostal muscles |
front 45 internal thoracic (mammary) vein | back 45 ![]() drains chest and abdominal wall |
front 46 right vertebral vein | back 46 ![]() drains spinal cord and brain |
front 47 right and left brachiocephalic veins | back 47 ![]() form the precava by their union |
front 48 Difference in formation of brachiocephalic veins in humans and cats | back 48 Humans: brachiocephalic vein is formed by union of internal jugular vein and subclavian veins Cats: formed by union of external jugular vein and subclavian veins |
front 49 external jugular vein | back 49 ![]() courses anteriorly along side of neck to point where its joined on medial surface by internal jugular vein |
front 50 Difference in cat & human jugular veins | back 50 Human: internal jugular vein is considerably larger & drains into subclavian vein Cat: External jugular vein is larger & internal jugular vein drains into it |
front 51 subclavian vein | back 51 ![]() moves laterally toward the arm; becomes axillary vein |
front 52 axillary vein | back 52 ![]() becomes this vein as it passes in front of first rib and runs through brachial plexus giving off subscapular vein |
front 53 subscapular vein | back 53 ![]() drains the proximal part of the arm and shoulder |
front 54 brachial vein | back 54 ![]() axillary vein becomes this vein as it enters the arm; receives radial/ulnar vein at the inner bend of elbow |
front 55 radial and ulnar veins | back 55 ![]() drain the forelimb |
front 56 cephalic vein | back 56 ![]() on dorsal side of the arm; communicates with brachial vein via median cubital vein in elbow then enters transverse scapular vein in shoulder |
front 57 hepatic veins | back 57 ![]() entering postcava from liver |
front 58 adrenolumbar veins | back 58 ![]() empty into postcava and drain adrenal glands and body wall |
front 59 renal veins | back 59 ![]() drain the kidneys & empties into postcava (common to find two right renal veins) |
front 60 gonadal veins | back 60 ![]() testicular or ovarian veins left vein of this venous pair enters the left renal vein anteriorly |
front 61 Iliolumbar veins | back 61 ![]() drain muscles of the back & empties into postcava |
front 62 common iliac veins | back 62 ![]() unite to form postcava |
front 63 internal and external iliac veins | back 63 ![]() unite to form common iliac veins |
front 64 internal iliac veins | back 64 ![]() receive branches from pelvic organs and gluteal region |
front 65 external iliac veins | back 65 ![]() receives venous drainage from lower limb |
front 66 deep femoral vein | back 66 ![]() drains the thigh and external genital region |
front 67 femoral vein | back 67 ![]() receives blood from the thigh, leg, and foot formed by union of great saphenous vein and popliteal vein |
front 68 great saphenous vein | back 68 ![]() superficial vein that courses up inner aspect of calf & across inferior portion o gracilis muscle to enter femoral vein |
front 69 popliteal vein | back 69 ![]() located deep in the thigh beneath the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles in popliteal spaces accompanying popliteal artery |
front 70 posterior and anterior tibial veins | back 70 ![]() drain the leg |
front 71 hepatic portal vein | back 71 ![]() formed by the union of the gastrosplenic and superior mesenteric veins |
front 72 Difference between formation of hepatic portal vein in cats and humans | back 72 ![]() Humans: formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins Cat: formed by union of gastrosplenic and superior mesenteric veins |
front 73 Gastrosplenic vein | back 73 ![]() carries blood from spleen and stomach located dorsal to stomach |
front 74 superior mesenteric vein | back 74 ![]() large vein draining small and large intestine and pancreas |
front 75 inferior mesenteric vein | back 75 ![]() parallels course of inferior mesenteric artery empties into superior mesenteric vein |
front 76 pancreaticoduodenal vein | back 76 ![]() anterior branch empties into hepatic portal vein posterior branch empties into superior mesenteric vein |