Microbiology: Microbiology self-tests Flashcards


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Microbiology
Chapters 21-23
Microbiology 205, Fall 2012 ~Self-Tests~
updated 13 years ago by jenkarmata
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College: Second year
Subjects:
microbiology 205, science, life sciences, biology, microbiology
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1

The largest vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the heart

Arteries

2

The walls are only one cell thick; they aid in the exchange of materials.

Capillaries

3

The venous equivalent of arteries.

Venules

4

Blood cells important in phagocytosis & antibody production.

Leukocytes

5

A lymphoid organ.

Tonsils

6

Small, oval structures in the lymphatic system; sites of considerable defensive activity by the body.

Lymph nodes

7

Plasma that bathes tissue cells after their passage through capillary walls.

Interstitial fluid

8

Blood cells that carry oxygen.

Erythrocytes

9

A toxic, inflammatory condition arising from the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from a focus of infection.

Sepsis

10

Of autoimmune origin due to group M proteins of streptococci.

Rheumatic fever

11

Swollen lymph nodes.

Buboes

12

Heart infection that developes rapidly, damages valves; usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Acute bacterial endocarditis

13

Drop in blood pressure due to gram-negative sepsis.

Septic shock

14

Characterized by red streaks on skin from the site of infection.

Lymphangitis

15

Probably transmitted by saliva.

Infectious mononucleosis

16

Childbirth fever.

Puerperal sepsis

17

Often transmitted by contact w/small animals such as rabbits.

Tularemia

18

Undulant fever, at one time transmitted by ingestion of contaminated milk, is now mostly transmitted by contact w/animal carcasses.

Brucellosis

19

Caused by a spore-forming rod that is often present in the soil.

Anthrax

20

The cat is essential in the reproductive cycle & the transmission of the causative organisms.

Toxoplasmosis

21

Caused by a protozoan that forms oocysts.

Toxoplasmosis

22

Heterophil antibodies are used in diagnosis.

Infectious mononucleosis

23

Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

Infectious mononucleosis

24

Transmitted by sand flies.

Leishmaniasis

25

Kala azar.

Leishamaniasis

26

Caused by CMV.

Cytomegalic inclusion disease

27

The bite of a tick transmits a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.

Lyme disease

28

A swimming stage called a cercaria is an essential part of the life cycle of the pathogen.

Schistosomiasis

29

A ricettsial disease transmitted by dog ticks or wood ticks.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

30

A rickettsial disease transmitted by a rat flea.

Endemic murine typhus

31

Chagas' disease.

American trypanosomiasis

32

A spore-forming protozoan is the cause.

Malaria

33

Saint Vitus' dance.

Syndenham's chorea

34

A tickborne protozoan disease.

Babesiosis

35

Mosquito-transmitted hemorrhagic fever.

Yellow fever

36

Pulmonary infection transmitted by inhalation of dried rodent urine & feces.

Hantavirus

37

Tickborne bacterial disease.

Lyme disease

38

Transmitted by contact w/infected blood; filoform virus.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

39

The surgical removal of tissue, short of amputation, is called _____________.

debribment

40

The fluid portion of the blood is called ______.

plasma

41

A general name for a white blood cell is _____________.

Leukocyte

42

When a gram-negative bacterium lyses, it releases part of its cell walls as harmful ____________.

endotoxin

43

Group M proteins are associated with the bacterial genus _______________.

streptococci

44

Brucella suis is most likely to infect people coming into contact w/animals such as ___________.

swine

45

Sydemham's chorea is a complication of ___________.

Rheumatic fever

46

Burkitt's lymphoma is cuased by the same virus that causes ____________________.

infectious mononucleosis

47

The official name of the Epstein-Barr virus is human herpesvirus _____.

4

48

Infections caused by obligate anaerobes such as Clostridium perfringens are sometimes treated by putting the patients in ______________ chambers.

hyperberic

49

Many years ago, Semmelweis showed how proper hygeine & disinfection of hand & instruments could prevent ____________ in maternity wards.

puerperal

50

When malaria is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, the parasite stage that is injected into the host is a(n)____________.

sporozoite

51

The most dangerous type of malaria is caused by Plasmodium _______________.

falciparum

52

Snails are essential to the life cycle of the disease organism causing ________________.

Schistosomiasis

53

Cats are essential to the life cycle of the disease organism causing _______________.

Toxoplasmosis

54

A membrane layer covering the brain & spinal cord.

Meniges

55

A prion-caused disease.

Kuru

56

Opisthotonos.

Tetanus

57

Hansen's disease.

Leprosy

58

Human diploid cell vaccine is used in treatment.

Rabies

59

Myalgic encephalitis.

Chronic fatigue syndrome

60

Innermost layer of the meninges.

Pia mater

61

Outermost layer of the meninges.

Dura mater

62

Middle layer of the meninges.

Arachnoid

63

Formerly treatd by the Pasteur treatment.

Rabies

64

Treated by human diploid cell vaccine after exposure.

Rabies

65

Caused by a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus.

Rabies

66

Also known as hydrophobia.

Rabies

67

Thought to be transmitted by inhalation of the pathogen in dried pigeon droppings.

Cryptococcosis

68

Caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.

Meningococcal meningitis

69

Protozoan disease.

African trypanosomiasis

70

A prion-caused disease.

Creutzfldt-Jakob disease

71

A mosquito-borne virus.

California encephalitis

72

The drugs of choice for treatment are amphotericin B & flucytosine.

Cryptococcus neoformans menigitis

73

Opposing muscles contract, causing spastic paralysis.

Tetanus

74

Pathogen grows at refrigerator temperatures.

Listeriosis

75

Uses live viruses.

Sabin polio vaccine

76

On rare occasions, the vaccine has caused the disease by mutation to virulence.

Sabin polio vaccine

77

An amoebic protozoan found in ponds & streams that causes a primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Naegleria fowleri

78

Spread by the bite of a tsetse fly.

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

79

An important cause of bacterial meningitis.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

80

Probably the most virulent; the most common type in western United States.

Type A botulism

81

Outbreaks often involve seafoods; nonproteolytic.

Type E botulism

82

Toxin can be produced at refrigerator temperatures.

Type E botulism

83

An infection of the brain is called ____________.

encephalitis

84

An infection of the meninges is called

Meningitis

85

The brain & the spinal cord comprise the _________ nervous system.

Central

86

The nerves branching from the brain & spinal cord comprise the ____________ nervous system.

peripheral

87

The _______ consists of capillaries that permit certain substances, mostly lipid-soluble, to pass from the blood to the brain but prevent other substances from passing.

blood brain

88

The bacterium that causes _________ can be successfully grown in armadillos.

leprosy

89

Of the several types of arthropod-borne encephalitis that occur in the United States, the most severe in its effects is ______________.

Eastern Equine encephalitis (EEE)

90

The T in DTaP vaccine stands for __________.

tetanus

91

The inner layter of the skin, composed of connective tissue.

Dermis

92

The lining of the inner eyelid & the surface of the eyeball.

Conjunctiva

93

Some of these specialized epithelial cells are ciliated.

Mucous membrane

94

The outermost epidermal layer; consists largely of dead cells containing the protein keratin.

Stratum corneum

95

Extracellular material to which epithelial cells of mucous membrane are attached.

Basement membrane

96

A skin rash that arises from disease conditions.

Exanthem

97

-Skin lesions-

Vesicles

Small, fluid-filled

98

-Skin lesions-

Papules

Raised lesions

99

-Skin lesions-

Bullae

Fluid-filled lesions larger than about 1cm

100

-Skin lesions-

Macules

Flat, reddened

101

Streptococcus pyogenes

Erysipelas

102

Staphylococcus aureus

Scalded skin syndrome

103

Tinea

Ringworm

104

Propionibacterium acnes

Acne

105

Variola

Smallpox

106

Varicella

Chickenpox

107

Herpes zoster

Chickenpox

108

Rubeola

Measles

109

Rubella

German measles

110

Shingles

Chickenpox

111

Ringworm

Cutaneous mycoses

112

Tinea pedis

Cutaneous mycoses

113

Dermatophytes

Cutaneous mycoses

114

Thrush

Candidiasis

115

Sporotrichosis

Superficial mycoses

116

Treated w/isotretinoin (Accutane).

Nodular cystic acne (severe acne)

117

Swimmer's ear, usually caused by pseudomonads.

Otitis externa

118

Boils

Furuncles

119

Idoxuridine is an effective chemotherapeutic treatment.

Herpetic keratitis

120

Chlamydia-caused disease.

Trachoma

121

Mycobacterium spp. are the pathogens involved.

Buruli ulcer

122

Treatment of cystic acne.

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

123

The location of M protein of streptococci.

Fibrils on cell surface

124

Causes birth defects.

Teratogenic

125

Prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum.

Silver nitrate

126

Scabies

mite

127

Ringworm of the scalp.

Tinea capitis

128

First disease deliberately eliminated on earth.

Smallpox

129

Koplik's spots are diagnostic.

Measles (rubeola)

130

Athlete's foot.

Tinea pedis

131

Occasional complication of chickenpox & influenza.

Reyes syndrome

132

Fungal infection of the nail.

Tinea unguium

133

The eyes are washed by tears, and the enzyme ______ in tears destroys many bacteria.

lysozyme

134

If a boil undertakes a more extensive invasion of the surrounding tissue, it is termed a _______.

carbuncle

135

Streptococcus pyogenes is an example of group A ___ hemolytic streptococci.

beta

136

The blue-green pus caused by opportunistic infections of burn patients is due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming water-soluble __________ pigment.

pyocyamn