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136 notecards = 34 pages (4 cards per page)

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Microbiology self-tests

front 1

The largest vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the heart

back 1

Arteries

front 2

The walls are only one cell thick; they aid in the exchange of materials.

back 2

Capillaries

front 3

The venous equivalent of arteries.

back 3

Venules

front 4

Blood cells important in phagocytosis & antibody production.

back 4

Leukocytes

front 5

A lymphoid organ.

back 5

Tonsils

front 6

Small, oval structures in the lymphatic system; sites of considerable defensive activity by the body.

back 6

Lymph nodes

front 7

Plasma that bathes tissue cells after their passage through capillary walls.

back 7

Interstitial fluid

front 8

Blood cells that carry oxygen.

back 8

Erythrocytes

front 9

A toxic, inflammatory condition arising from the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from a focus of infection.

back 9

Sepsis

front 10

Of autoimmune origin due to group M proteins of streptococci.

back 10

Rheumatic fever

front 11

Swollen lymph nodes.

back 11

Buboes

front 12

Heart infection that developes rapidly, damages valves; usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

back 12

Acute bacterial endocarditis

front 13

Drop in blood pressure due to gram-negative sepsis.

back 13

Septic shock

front 14

Characterized by red streaks on skin from the site of infection.

back 14

Lymphangitis

front 15

Probably transmitted by saliva.

back 15

Infectious mononucleosis

front 16

Childbirth fever.

back 16

Puerperal sepsis

front 17

Often transmitted by contact w/small animals such as rabbits.

back 17

Tularemia

front 18

Undulant fever, at one time transmitted by ingestion of contaminated milk, is now mostly transmitted by contact w/animal carcasses.

back 18

Brucellosis

front 19

Caused by a spore-forming rod that is often present in the soil.

back 19

Anthrax

front 20

The cat is essential in the reproductive cycle & the transmission of the causative organisms.

back 20

Toxoplasmosis

front 21

Caused by a protozoan that forms oocysts.

back 21

Toxoplasmosis

front 22

Heterophil antibodies are used in diagnosis.

back 22

Infectious mononucleosis

front 23

Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

back 23

Infectious mononucleosis

front 24

Transmitted by sand flies.

back 24

Leishmaniasis

front 25

Kala azar.

back 25

Leishamaniasis

front 26

Caused by CMV.

back 26

Cytomegalic inclusion disease

front 27

The bite of a tick transmits a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.

back 27

Lyme disease

front 28

A swimming stage called a cercaria is an essential part of the life cycle of the pathogen.

back 28

Schistosomiasis

front 29

A ricettsial disease transmitted by dog ticks or wood ticks.

back 29

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

front 30

A rickettsial disease transmitted by a rat flea.

back 30

Endemic murine typhus

front 31

Chagas' disease.

back 31

American trypanosomiasis

front 32

A spore-forming protozoan is the cause.

back 32

Malaria

front 33

Saint Vitus' dance.

back 33

Syndenham's chorea

front 34

A tickborne protozoan disease.

back 34

Babesiosis

front 35

Mosquito-transmitted hemorrhagic fever.

back 35

Yellow fever

front 36

Pulmonary infection transmitted by inhalation of dried rodent urine & feces.

back 36

Hantavirus

front 37

Tickborne bacterial disease.

back 37

Lyme disease

front 38

Transmitted by contact w/infected blood; filoform virus.

back 38

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

front 39

The surgical removal of tissue, short of amputation, is called _____________.

back 39

debribment

front 40

The fluid portion of the blood is called ______.

back 40

plasma

front 41

A general name for a white blood cell is _____________.

back 41

Leukocyte

front 42

When a gram-negative bacterium lyses, it releases part of its cell walls as harmful ____________.

back 42

endotoxin

front 43

Group M proteins are associated with the bacterial genus _______________.

back 43

streptococci

front 44

Brucella suis is most likely to infect people coming into contact w/animals such as ___________.

back 44

swine

front 45

Sydemham's chorea is a complication of ___________.

back 45

Rheumatic fever

front 46

Burkitt's lymphoma is cuased by the same virus that causes ____________________.

back 46

infectious mononucleosis

front 47

The official name of the Epstein-Barr virus is human herpesvirus _____.

back 47

4

front 48

Infections caused by obligate anaerobes such as Clostridium perfringens are sometimes treated by putting the patients in ______________ chambers.

back 48

hyperberic

front 49

Many years ago, Semmelweis showed how proper hygeine & disinfection of hand & instruments could prevent ____________ in maternity wards.

back 49

puerperal

front 50

When malaria is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, the parasite stage that is injected into the host is a(n)____________.

back 50

sporozoite

front 51

The most dangerous type of malaria is caused by Plasmodium _______________.

back 51

falciparum

front 52

Snails are essential to the life cycle of the disease organism causing ________________.

back 52

Schistosomiasis

front 53

Cats are essential to the life cycle of the disease organism causing _______________.

back 53

Toxoplasmosis

front 54

A membrane layer covering the brain & spinal cord.

back 54

Meniges

front 55

A prion-caused disease.

back 55

Kuru

front 56

Opisthotonos.

back 56

Tetanus

front 57

Hansen's disease.

back 57

Leprosy

front 58

Human diploid cell vaccine is used in treatment.

back 58

Rabies

front 59

Myalgic encephalitis.

back 59

Chronic fatigue syndrome

front 60

Innermost layer of the meninges.

back 60

Pia mater

front 61

Outermost layer of the meninges.

back 61

Dura mater

front 62

Middle layer of the meninges.

back 62

Arachnoid

front 63

Formerly treatd by the Pasteur treatment.

back 63

Rabies

front 64

Treated by human diploid cell vaccine after exposure.

back 64

Rabies

front 65

Caused by a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus.

back 65

Rabies

front 66

Also known as hydrophobia.

back 66

Rabies

front 67

Thought to be transmitted by inhalation of the pathogen in dried pigeon droppings.

back 67

Cryptococcosis

front 68

Caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.

back 68

Meningococcal meningitis

front 69

Protozoan disease.

back 69

African trypanosomiasis

front 70

A prion-caused disease.

back 70

Creutzfldt-Jakob disease

front 71

A mosquito-borne virus.

back 71

California encephalitis

front 72

The drugs of choice for treatment are amphotericin B & flucytosine.

back 72

Cryptococcus neoformans menigitis

front 73

Opposing muscles contract, causing spastic paralysis.

back 73

Tetanus

front 74

Pathogen grows at refrigerator temperatures.

back 74

Listeriosis

front 75

Uses live viruses.

back 75

Sabin polio vaccine

front 76

On rare occasions, the vaccine has caused the disease by mutation to virulence.

back 76

Sabin polio vaccine

front 77

An amoebic protozoan found in ponds & streams that causes a primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

back 77

Naegleria fowleri

front 78

Spread by the bite of a tsetse fly.

back 78

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

front 79

An important cause of bacterial meningitis.

back 79

Streptococcus pneumoniae

front 80

Probably the most virulent; the most common type in western United States.

back 80

Type A botulism

front 81

Outbreaks often involve seafoods; nonproteolytic.

back 81

Type E botulism

front 82

Toxin can be produced at refrigerator temperatures.

back 82

Type E botulism

front 83

An infection of the brain is called ____________.

back 83

encephalitis

front 84

An infection of the meninges is called

back 84

Meningitis

front 85

The brain & the spinal cord comprise the _________ nervous system.

back 85

Central

front 86

The nerves branching from the brain & spinal cord comprise the ____________ nervous system.

back 86

peripheral

front 87

The _______ consists of capillaries that permit certain substances, mostly lipid-soluble, to pass from the blood to the brain but prevent other substances from passing.

back 87

blood brain

front 88

The bacterium that causes _________ can be successfully grown in armadillos.

back 88

leprosy

front 89

Of the several types of arthropod-borne encephalitis that occur in the United States, the most severe in its effects is ______________.

back 89

Eastern Equine encephalitis (EEE)

front 90

The T in DTaP vaccine stands for __________.

back 90

tetanus

front 91

The inner layter of the skin, composed of connective tissue.

back 91

Dermis

front 92

The lining of the inner eyelid & the surface of the eyeball.

back 92

Conjunctiva

front 93

Some of these specialized epithelial cells are ciliated.

back 93

Mucous membrane

front 94

The outermost epidermal layer; consists largely of dead cells containing the protein keratin.

back 94

Stratum corneum

front 95

Extracellular material to which epithelial cells of mucous membrane are attached.

back 95

Basement membrane

front 96

A skin rash that arises from disease conditions.

back 96

Exanthem

front 97

-Skin lesions-

Vesicles

back 97

Small, fluid-filled

front 98

-Skin lesions-

Papules

back 98

Raised lesions

front 99

-Skin lesions-

Bullae

back 99

Fluid-filled lesions larger than about 1cm

front 100

-Skin lesions-

Macules

back 100

Flat, reddened

front 101

Streptococcus pyogenes

back 101

Erysipelas

front 102

Staphylococcus aureus

back 102

Scalded skin syndrome

front 103

Tinea

back 103

Ringworm

front 104

Propionibacterium acnes

back 104

Acne

front 105

Variola

back 105

Smallpox

front 106

Varicella

back 106

Chickenpox

front 107

Herpes zoster

back 107

Chickenpox

front 108

Rubeola

back 108

Measles

front 109

Rubella

back 109

German measles

front 110

Shingles

back 110

Chickenpox

front 111

Ringworm

back 111

Cutaneous mycoses

front 112

Tinea pedis

back 112

Cutaneous mycoses

front 113

Dermatophytes

back 113

Cutaneous mycoses

front 114

Thrush

back 114

Candidiasis

front 115

Sporotrichosis

back 115

Superficial mycoses

front 116

Treated w/isotretinoin (Accutane).

back 116

Nodular cystic acne (severe acne)

front 117

Swimmer's ear, usually caused by pseudomonads.

back 117

Otitis externa

front 118

Boils

back 118

Furuncles

front 119

Idoxuridine is an effective chemotherapeutic treatment.

back 119

Herpetic keratitis

front 120

Chlamydia-caused disease.

back 120

Trachoma

front 121

Mycobacterium spp. are the pathogens involved.

back 121

Buruli ulcer

front 122

Treatment of cystic acne.

back 122

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

front 123

The location of M protein of streptococci.

back 123

Fibrils on cell surface

front 124

Causes birth defects.

back 124

Teratogenic

front 125

Prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum.

back 125

Silver nitrate

front 126

Scabies

back 126

mite

front 127

Ringworm of the scalp.

back 127

Tinea capitis

front 128

First disease deliberately eliminated on earth.

back 128

Smallpox

front 129

Koplik's spots are diagnostic.

back 129

Measles (rubeola)

front 130

Athlete's foot.

back 130

Tinea pedis

front 131

Occasional complication of chickenpox & influenza.

back 131

Reyes syndrome

front 132

Fungal infection of the nail.

back 132

Tinea unguium

front 133

The eyes are washed by tears, and the enzyme ______ in tears destroys many bacteria.

back 133

lysozyme

front 134

If a boil undertakes a more extensive invasion of the surrounding tissue, it is termed a _______.

back 134

carbuncle

front 135

Streptococcus pyogenes is an example of group A ___ hemolytic streptococci.

back 135

beta

front 136

The blue-green pus caused by opportunistic infections of burn patients is due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming water-soluble __________ pigment.

back 136

pyocyamn