A&P 2 Human Development Flashcards

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

The prenatal period extends from?

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will form the?

The testes are housed in the _________ , outside the abdominal (which lowers sperm so that the testes are slightly cooler. This difference in temperature helps sperm production.)

The postnatal period extends from?

What metabolic effect would you expect if someone developed an autoimmune disease in which the person’s interstitial cells were destroyed?

The______ of the penis fill(s) with blood during sexual arousal, causing an erection?

Which part of blastocyst forms the embryo?

The penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as?

Which components in semen stimulates the uterus to contract in reverse peristalsis?

Unlike females, males produce gametes throughout life due to the presence of _____________ in their seminiferous tubules

The period of gestation when organs and organ systems complete most of their development and the fetus looks distinctly human is the ______ trimester

A man and his wife have been unable to conceive a child. When examined, the man’s sperm are viable, swim unidirectionally, and are present in higher than average quantities. What could explain the inability of his sperm to penetrate an egg?

What is the function of Progesterone?

What is the function of Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)?

Labor is regulated by ______feedback control?

In a female, which structures houses the oocytes?

The _______ layer of the uterus receives the embryo and provides nourishment until the placenta is formed?

During which stage of development the organ systems are mostly formed, although immature?

The pH of the vagina is normally acidic, which keeps bacterial growth in check, but the vagina is still home to many bacteria and yeast in balance with each other. Occasionally, when a female takes antibiotics for a bacterial infection, a secondary yeast infection results. Why might this happen?

Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen?

Separation of the inner cell mass from the trophoblast forms the?

In females, the _______ is (are) the homologous structure to the glans penis in males?

What is the major difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Differentiation during the first few days of development is the result of?

A woman who wants to ensure conception might buy an “ovulation predictor” kit. Which of the following hormones, when detected by the kit, would be the best indicator of imminent ovulation: Estrogen, GnRH, LH, FSH? Why?

List hormones produced by the placenta?

What percentage of sperm carry the Y chromosome?

The process of cell division that occurs after fertilization is called?

________ is the stage of life in females when reproductive hormones decline and menstrual cycles become erratic?

The stage of labor during which the fetus emerges from the vagina is called the ________ stage?

What is the function of Estrogens?

During fertilization of the oocyte, ______ spermatozoa create a puncture of the ______. Then ___ spermatozoa contact(s) the membrane of the oocyte for activation?

The hormone oxytocin aids the birth process by stimulating?

Which enzyme is involved in the penetration of the oocyte during fertilization?

Improper development of which of the extraembryonic membranes affects the cardiovascular system?

During gestation, powerful uterine contractions are suppressed by elevated levels of?

The head is disproportionately large compared to the rest of the body at the beginning of which stage of development?

1. What is (are) the important function(s) of the placenta?

The foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the?

What are the important roles of hCG in maintaining pregnancy?

The external genitalia of the fetus can be distinguished as male or female by about ___ weeks after fertilization?

Which stage of development is the first and second stage of development?

Why is it more detrimental for a pregnant woman to be exposed to teratogens, alcohol, or drugs during the first trimester than later in pregnancy?

Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they undergo?

The hormones that maintain the uterine wall during the last 5 to 6 months of pregnancy are?

Neural tissue is formed from which germ layer?

1. Colostrum contains ____ than breast milk?

Which embryonic layer is considered loosely organized connective tissue?

Use the key choices to identify the embryonic stage or process described below: blastula, cleavage, fertilization, gastrulation, morula, zygote

• fusion of male and female pronuclei?
• solid ball of embryonic cells?
• process of rapid mitotic cell division without intervening growth periods?
• combination of egg and sperm?
• process involving cell rearrangements to form the three primary germ layers?
• embryonic stage in which the embryo consists of a hollow ball of cells?

Define zygote?

The period of gestation that is characterized by rapid fetal growth is the ________ trimester?

The ectoderm forms which tissue type?

What is the importance of cleavage in embryonic development?

How is cleavage different from mitotic cell division, which occurs later in life?

The first stage of labor is the ________ stage?

The cells of the human blastula (blastocyst) have various fates. Which blastocyst structures have the following fates?

Use the following key once or more than once: yolk sac, trophoblast, allantois, inner cell mass

1. produces the embryonic body?
2. becomes the chorion and cooperates with uterine tissues to form the placenta?
3. produces the amnion, yolk sac, and allantois?
4. produces the primordial germ cells?
5. an embryonic membrane that provides the structural basis for the body stalk or umbilical cord?

What is the function of the amnion and the amniotic fluid?

A major difference between fetal blood flow and adult blood flow is that in the fetus the?

1. The hormone measured in a pregnancy test is?

1. Explain the process and importance of gastrulation?

1. Describe the process of implantation, noting the role of the trophoblast cells?

1. How many days after fertilization is implantation generally completed?

1. Which two organ systems are extensively developed in the very young embryo?

1. The cells of a blastocyst that give rise to the body of the developing offspring constitute the?

1. When does the human embryo come to be called a fetus?

1. Fertilization of the ovum usually occurs where in the uterine tube?

Germ layers are formed during which period?

1. Muscle contractions of the uterine walls and ________ in the semen aid sperm cell movement through the uterus and uterine tubes?

1. The solid ball of cells that is formed after several rounds of cell division following fertilization is called a?

What is the usual and most desirable fetal position in utero?

During gastrulation which layers are formed?