front 1 What is the primary function of the reproductive system? | back 1
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front 2 The prenatal period extends from? | back 2 Conception to birth |
front 3 The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will form the? | back 3 Embryo |
front 4 The testes are housed in the _________ , outside the abdominal (which lowers sperm so that the testes are slightly cooler. This difference in temperature helps sperm production.) | back 4 Scrotum |
front 5 The postnatal period extends from? | back 5 Birth to death |
front 6 What metabolic effect would you expect if someone developed an autoimmune disease in which the person’s interstitial cells were destroyed? | back 6 Testosterone production would plummet |
front 7 The______ of the penis fill(s) with blood during sexual arousal, causing an erection? | back 7 corpora cavernosa |
front 8 Which part of blastocyst forms the embryo? | back 8 Inner cell mass “ICM” or embryoblast |
front 9 The penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as? | back 9 Implantation |
front 10 Which components in semen stimulates the uterus to contract in reverse peristalsis? | back 10 prostaglandins |
front 11 Unlike females, males produce gametes throughout life due to the presence of _____________ in their seminiferous tubules | back 11 spermatogonia |
front 12 The period of gestation when organs and organ systems complete most of their development and the fetus looks distinctly human is the ______ trimester | back 12 Second |
front 13 A man and his wife have been unable to conceive a child. When examined, the man’s sperm are viable, swim unidirectionally, and are present in higher than average quantities. What could explain the inability of his sperm to penetrate an egg? | back 13 - The acrosomal cap is deficient in the enzymes necessary to penetrate the egg |
front 14 What is the function of Progesterone? | back 14
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front 15 What is the function of Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)? | back 15
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front 16 Labor is regulated by ______feedback control? | back 16 Positive |
front 17 In a female, which structures houses the oocytes? | back 17 Ovarian cortex |
front 18 The _______ layer of the uterus receives the embryo and provides nourishment until the placenta is formed? | back 18 Endometrium |
front 19 During which stage of development the organ systems are mostly formed, although immature? | back 19 Fetal stage |
front 20 The pH of the vagina is normally acidic, which keeps bacterial growth in check, but the vagina is still home to many bacteria and yeast in balance with each other. Occasionally, when a female takes antibiotics for a bacterial infection, a secondary yeast infection results. Why might this happen? | back 20 The removal of bacteria from the vagina allows yeast to grow at a faster rate than normal. |
front 21 Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen? | back 21 It has greater affinity for oxygen, and there is a larger concentration |
front 22 Separation of the inner cell mass from the trophoblast forms the? | back 22 - amniotic cavity |
front 23 In females, the _______ is (are) the homologous structure to the glans penis in males? | back 23 Clitoris |
front 24 What is the major difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? | back 24
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front 25 Differentiation during the first few days of development is the result of? | back 25 An unequal distribution of regulatory molecules in the cytoplasm of the egg |
front 26 A woman who wants to ensure conception might buy an “ovulation predictor” kit. Which of the following hormones, when detected by the kit, would be the best indicator of imminent ovulation: Estrogen, GnRH, LH, FSH? Why? | back 26 LH |
front 27 List hormones produced by the placenta? | back 27
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front 28 What percentage of sperm carry the Y chromosome? | back 28 50% |
front 29 The process of cell division that occurs after fertilization is called? | back 29 Cleavage |
front 30 ________ is the stage of life in females when reproductive hormones decline and menstrual cycles become erratic? | back 30 -menopause |
front 31 The stage of labor during which the fetus emerges from the vagina is called the ________ stage? | back 31 Expulsion |
front 32 What is the function of Estrogens? | back 32 - development of secondary sex characteristics of females. -Enlarging of breasts, buttocks, thighs, etc |
front 33 During fertilization of the oocyte, ______ spermatozoa create a puncture of the ______. Then ___ spermatozoa contact(s) the membrane of the oocyte for activation? | back 33 -Many; corona radiate; one |
front 34 The hormone oxytocin aids the birth process by stimulating? | back 34 uterine wall contractions |
front 35 Which enzyme is involved in the penetration of the oocyte during fertilization? | back 35 Hyalurodinaze |
front 36 Improper development of which of the extraembryonic membranes affects the cardiovascular system? | back 36 Yolk sac |
front 37 During gestation, powerful uterine contractions are suppressed by elevated levels of? | back 37 - progesterone |
front 38 The head is disproportionately large compared to the rest of the body at the beginning of which stage of development? | back 38 -fetal stage of development |
front 39
| back 39 Serves to maintain the fetus: oxygen and nutrients diffuses from maternal blood to fetal blood, carbon dioxide and wastes diffuses from fetal blood to maternal blood, a protective barrier against most microorganisms, serves to maintain pregnancy via secretion of hormones. |
front 40 The foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the? | back 40 - R atrium to the L atrium |
front 41 What are the important roles of hCG in maintaining pregnancy? | back 41 Stimulates continued secretion of estrogen and progesterone by corpus letrum |
front 42 The external genitalia of the fetus can be distinguished as male or female by about ___ weeks after fertilization? | back 42 12 |
front 43 Which stage of development is the first and second stage of development? | back 43 Embryonic stage, Fetus |
front 44 Why is it more detrimental for a pregnant woman to be exposed to teratogens, alcohol, or drugs during the first trimester than later in pregnancy? | back 44 Can cause congenital malformations by affecting the embryo during its periods of rapid growth and develeopment |
front 45 Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they undergo? | back 45 - capacitation |
front 46 The hormones that maintain the uterine wall during the last 5 to 6 months of pregnancy are? | back 46 Placental estrogen and progesterone |
front 47 Neural tissue is formed from which germ layer? | back 47 Ectoderm |
front 48
| back 48 High protein, low carbs and fat. Contains protective antibodies, IgA |
front 49 Which embryonic layer is considered loosely organized connective tissue? | back 49 mesoderm |
front 50 Use the key choices to identify the embryonic stage or process described below: blastula, cleavage, fertilization, gastrulation, morula, zygote
| back 50 fusion of male and female pronuclei?
solid ball of embryonic cells?
process of rapid mitotic cell division without intervening growth periods?
combination of egg and sperm?
process involving cell rearrangements to form the three primary germ layers?
embryonic stage in which the embryo consists of a hollow ball of cells?
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front 51 Define zygote? | back 51 a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum. |
front 52 The period of gestation that is characterized by rapid fetal growth is the ________ trimester? | back 52 3rd |
front 53 The ectoderm forms which tissue type? | back 53
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front 54 What is the importance of cleavage in embryonic development? | back 54 First round of cell division. From a zygote to morula. Increase cell number |
front 55 How is cleavage different from mitotic cell division, which occurs later in life? | back 55 mitosis: cells grow and divide Cleavage: Keeps dividing and becomes smaller |
front 56 The first stage of labor is the ________ stage? | back 56 dilation |
front 57 The cells of the human blastula (blastocyst) have various fates. Which blastocyst structures have the following fates? Use the following key once or more than once: yolk sac, trophoblast, allantois, inner cell mass
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front 58 What is the function of the amnion and the amniotic fluid? | back 58
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front 59 A major difference between fetal blood flow and adult blood flow is that in the fetus the? | back 59 Fetus: Vena cava is oxygenated |
front 60
| back 60 hCG, it is secreted when implantation occurs by the corpus luteum, supporting endometrium lining thus maintaining pregnancy. |
front 61
| back 61 Development of three distinct primary germ layers. Where all the body tissues will develop from. Develops from ICM of blastocyst. Top layer will proliferate and form amnion and amniotic cavity. Ectoderm will become the skin and nervous system tissues. Endoderm will become the inner lining (internal organs). Endoderm will also form a yolk sac. Mesoderm will develop as connective tissue between endo and ectoderm and will form muscles and bones. |
front 62
| back 62 Blastocysts will adhere to the endometrium after the zona pellucida disintegrates. The trophoblast will develop into two layers. Cytotrophoblast is composed of distinct boundary cells. Syncytiotrophoblast will secrete enzymes that break down the endometrium for implantation. |
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| back 65 inner cell mass |
front 66
| back 66 8th week until birth |
front 67
| back 67 Upper portion of fallopian tube. |
front 68 Germ layers are formed during which period? | back 68 Gastrulation |
front 69
| back 69 prostaglandins |
front 70
| back 70 Morula |
front 71 What is the usual and most desirable fetal position in utero? | back 71 Head Down |
front 72 During gastrulation which layers are formed? | back 72 3 distinctive germ layers, ecto, endo and mesoderm |