Biology Chapters 10 & 11 Flashcards


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Genetics
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1

The first detailed and quantitative studies on inheritance were carried out by an Austrian monk named______

Mendel

2

In modern terminology, Mendel's heredity "factors" are called...

Genes

3

Which of the following genotypes show dominant phenotypes?

Aa, aa, AA, Aa and AA, AA and aa

Aa and AA

4

If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will be__________

Heterozygous

5

The observable expression of the genes present in an organism is called its:

Phenotype

6

Alternate forms of the same gene are called_____

Alleles

7

A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for a given trait is called ___________for that trait.

Homozygous

8

If fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a given gene, the result offspring is _______

Heterozygous

9

In a heterozygous individual, the allele being expressed is...

Dominant

10

An allele that is present but unexpressed is ________

Recessive

11

ABO blood group determination is an example of _____

Multiple alleles

12

The _______ of an organism refers to the alleles that are present.

Genotype

13

A locus is:

The location of an allele on a chromosome

14

If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d), and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced?

All Dd, All DD, All dd, 1/2 DD & 1/2 Dd

All Dd

15

In the F2 generation of a cross of DD RR with dd rr, the most common genotype would be...

DD RR, Dd RR, Dd Rr, dd RR

Dd Rr

16

If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive gene, she inherited the trait from_____

Her mother

17

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. What is the probability that a colorblind woman and a man with normal vision will have a colorblind daughter?

0 percent

18

What occurs when individuals identically heterozygous for alleles of two genes are crossed?

Dihybrid Cross

19

A condition is which two alleles are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals:

Codominance

20

When one gene is not fully dominant over another one, it is said to demonstrate what?

Incomplete dominance

21

Organisms with 10 pairs of homologous chromosomes are said to be_____

Diploid

22

Mendel's Law of Segregation states that:

Each allele separates into separate gametes

23

Heterozygous offspring that are a cross between individuals that breed true for one trait are called______

Hybrids

24

Crossing an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive organism is called a________

Test Cross

25

The particular set of alleles that an individual carries is their:

Genotype

26

A breeding experiment in which individuals identically heterozygous for one gene are crossed is a_____________

Monohybrid Cross

27

According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment:

Gene pairs on one chromosome get sorted into gametes independently of gene pairs on other chromosomes.