What three things make up the pelvic girdle?
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
made up of to coxae (hip or innominate bones)
What three things form the pelvis?
sacrum, coccyx, and pelvic girdle
what does the femoral head of the femur articulate with?
acetabulum
Fovea Capitis Properties
Depression in the femoral head
what part of the femur is a frequent location for fractures?
femoral neck
Greater trochanter
![card image](../uploads/451/70/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006044.png)
Lesser trochanter
![card image](../uploads/452/71/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006050.png)
Intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
![card image](../uploads/453/72/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006052.jpg)
Linea aspera
![card image](../uploads/454/73/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006054.png)
adductor tubercle
![card image](../uploads/455/74/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006056.png)
Medial & Lateral condyles
![card image](../uploads/456/75/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006058.png)
Medial & Lateral epicondyles
![card image](../uploads/457/76/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006060.png)
patella
![card image](../uploads/458/77/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006062.jpg)
Tibia
![card image](../uploads/464/83/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006068.png)
Tibial plateau
![card image](../uploads/465/84/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006070.jpg)
Medial & lateral condyles of tibia
![card image](../uploads/466/85/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006072.png)
tibial tuberosity
![card image](../uploads/467/86/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006074.jpg)
pes anserine
![card image](../uploads/468/87/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006076.jpg)
gerdy's tubercle
![card image](../uploads/469/88/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006078.png)
medial malleolus
![card image](../uploads/470/89/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006080.jpg)
Fibula
![card image](../uploads/471/90/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006082.jpg)
head of fibula
![card image](../uploads/472/91/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006084.jpg)
lateral malleolus
![card image](../uploads/473/92/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006086.jpg)
Meniscus is composed of what
-Semilunar cartilages
-medial- "C shaped"
-lateral- "O shaped"
-only 3-5mm thick on average
Functions of the meniscus
absorbs shock/jolts
improve stability of tibiofemoral joint
-deepens the condylar surface
Which part of the meniscus is more firmly attached?
the medial meniscus is more firmly attached than the lateral
meniscotibial (coronary) ligaments
?
Why do lesions occur?
it is a result of femoral rotation with foot planted (fixed tibia)
With a cross-sectional appearance, menisci are wedged shaped and have three zones. What are they?
red zone (highly vascular)
red-white zone (mild vascularity)
white zone (avascular)
What are the three types of knee alignments?
genu varum "bow legged"
genu valgum "knock knees"
genu recurvatum "hyperextension"
What are the 7 tarsal bones?
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Lateral, intermediate & medial cuneiforms
Talus
![card image](../uploads/474/93/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006096.png)
Calcaneus
![card image](../uploads/475/94/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006098.png)
Navicular
![card image](../uploads/476/95/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006100.png)
Cuboid
![card image](../uploads/477/96/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006102.png)
Lateral cuneiform
![card image](../uploads/478/97/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006104.png)
intermediate cuneiform
![card image](../uploads/479/98/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006106.png)
medial cuneiform
![card image](../uploads/480/0/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006108.png)
1st-5th metatarsals
![card image](../uploads/481/1/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006110.png)
Distal phalanx of great toe
![card image](../uploads/482/2/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006112.jpg)
Proximal phalanx of great toe
![card image](../uploads/483/3/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006114.jpg)
middle phalanx of second toe
![card image](../uploads/484/4/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006116.jpg)
Two landmarks found on the calcaneus?
sustentaculum tali- medial
peroneal tubercle- lateral
navicular tubercle
![card image](../uploads/485/5/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006122.png)
5th metatarsal styloid process
![card image](../uploads/486/6/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006124.png)
Sesamoid bones in foot
![card image](../uploads/487/7/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006126.png)
Femur Properties
Longest & strongest bone in the body
Landmarks of the proximal femur
-Femoral head
-Fovea capitis
-Femoral neck
-Greater trochanter
-Lesser trochanter
-Intertrochanteric crest
Attachment site for fovea capitis
Ligamentum Teres
Fovea capitis
![card image](../uploads/459/78/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006048.png)
Landmarks of the distal femur
-linea aspera
-adductor tubercle
-medial & lateral epicondyles
-medial & lateral condyles
What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with
Tibia
Advantages of a sesamoid bone ("free-floating")
Improves leverage of quadriceps and their ability to extend knee
what is the patella embedded in
Within the quadriceps and patellar tendon
Kansas patella fracture, how did it occur?
the rectus femurs tendon and patellar tendon tore causing the patella to shatter
Proximal end of tibia expands into
-Tibial Plateau
-Medial and lateral condyles
-Tibial tuberosity
-Pes anserine
-Gerdy's tubercle
Distal end of tibia forms into
medial malleolus
Insertion site of quadriceps
Tibial tuberosity
Limited weight-bearing during movement
Lateral Malleolus Property
What 3 muscles insert at the pes anserine
-sartorius
-gracilis
-semitendinous
What band inserts at the Gerdy's tubercle?
Iliotibial band (IT)
Intertrochanteric line (anterior)
![card image](../uploads/488/8/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006088.jpg)
Red Zone
![card image](../uploads/489/9/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006090.png)
red-white zone
![card image](../uploads/490/10/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006092.png)
White zone
![card image](../uploads/491/11/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006094.png)
Patellar Tendon properties
continuation of the quadriceps tendon
tibia and fibula articulates with what bone
talus
Largest tarsal bone
Calcaneus (heel)
-weight bearing bone
Navicular location
medial
Cuboid location
lateral
Property of the metatarsals
form the arches of foot with ligamentous and muscular support
Property of the phalanges
-each toe has has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) except big toe/first digit
-first digit only has a proximal and distal phalanx
sustentaculum tali- medial
![card image](../uploads/492/12/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006118.jpg)
peroneal tubercle- lateral
![card image](../uploads/493/13/_1cc51bdd_14cb6b455dd__8000_00006120.jpg)