Exam 2 Flashcards

Virus capsids are made from subunits called

Helical & icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus

A _ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus

One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _ capsid

Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _

Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are

When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called

Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called

Infectious protein particles are called

Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism

Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance

An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a/an

Calcium is required for bacteria because

An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a/an

Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called

Aerobic respiration is an example of

Organisms called _ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called

The movement of substance from lower to higher concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called

The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called

The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it is called

Nutrient absorption is mediated by the

When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is specifically termed

In _ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting

An organism with a temperature growth range of 45°C to 60°C would be called a/an

Human pathogens fall into the group

When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is called

The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and peptides is an example of

The cell's metabolic reactions involve the participation of _ that lower the activation energy needed for the initiation of a reaction

A holoenzyme is a combination of a protein and one or more substances called

Important components of coenzymes are

Enzymes that are only produced when substrate is present are termed

All of the following are exoenzymes except

Enzymes that are secreted by a cell to hydrolyze reactions are

Enzymes that function inside a cell are

Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate are

Metabolic pathways that regenerate their starting point are called _ pathways.

When the product of reaction A becomes the reactant of reaction B, the metabolic pathway is

Most electron carriers are

The step involving ATP, hexokinase and the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is

Which of the following is not a process that regenerates ATP

Gylcolysis

The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in

The majority of reduced NAD is produced in

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the

Each NADH that enters the electron transport system gives rise to _ ATP

Each FADH2 from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport system and gives rise to _ATP's

In which pathway is the most NADH generated

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated

The principle sites of amphibolic interaction occur during

The _ is all of the genetic material of a cell

The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called

The duplication of a cell's DNA is called

Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by

The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them and correctly replace them are

The enzyme that help pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle are

DNA Polymerase I

A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a/an

Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one

The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein systhesis are called

This molecule is synthesized as a copy of a gene on the DNA template strand

Which of the following is not a type of microRNA

All of the following pertain to RNA virus replication except

The most serious type of mutation is a

What type of mutation alters the base, but not the amino acid being coded for

Which of the following is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination

Which of the following is not true of transposons