Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

73 notecards = 19 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Exam 2

front 1

Virus capsids are made from subunits called

back 1

capsomeres

front 2

Helical & icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus

back 2

capsid

front 3

A _ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus

back 3

capsid

front 4

One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _ capsid

back 4

Icosahedral

front 5

Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

back 5

envelope

front 6

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during

back 6

release

front 7

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _

back 7

nucleus, cytoplasm

front 8

Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are

back 8

Oncoviruses

front 9

When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called

back 9

lysogenic conversion

front 10

Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called

back 10

viroids

front 11

Infectious protein particles are called

back 11

prions

front 12

Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism

back 12

macronutrient

front 13

Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance

back 13

trace element

front 14

An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a/an

back 14

growth factor

front 15

Calcium is required for bacteria because

back 15

it stabilizes the cell wall

front 16

An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a/an

back 16

photoautotroph

front 17

Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called

back 17

saprobes

front 18

Aerobic respiration is an example of

back 18

photosynthesis

front 19

Organisms called _ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm

back 19

pathogens

front 20

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

back 20

diffusion

front 21

Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called

back 21

osmosis

front 22

The movement of substance from lower to higher concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called

back 22

active transport

front 23

The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called

back 23

facilitated diffusion

front 24

The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it is called

back 24

endocytosis

front 25

Nutrient absorption is mediated by the

back 25

cell membrane

front 26

When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is specifically termed

back 26

phagocytosis

front 27

In _ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting

back 27

hypotonic

front 28

An organism with a temperature growth range of 45°C to 60°C would be called a/an

back 28

thermophile

front 29

Human pathogens fall into the group

back 29

mesophiles

front 30

When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is called

back 30

commensalism

front 31

The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and peptides is an example of

back 31

catabolism

front 32

The cell's metabolic reactions involve the participation of _ that lower the activation energy needed for the initiation of a reaction

back 32

enzymes

front 33

A holoenzyme is a combination of a protein and one or more substances called

back 33

cofactors

front 34

Important components of coenzymes are

back 34

vitamins

front 35

Enzymes that are only produced when substrate is present are termed

back 35

induced enzymes

front 36

All of the following are exoenzymes except

back 36

ATP synthase

front 37

Enzymes that are secreted by a cell to hydrolyze reactions are

back 37

exoenzymes

front 38

Enzymes that function inside a cell are

back 38

endoenzymes

front 39

Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate are

back 39

constitutive enzymes

front 40

Metabolic pathways that regenerate their starting point are called _ pathways.

back 40

cyclic

front 41

When the product of reaction A becomes the reactant of reaction B, the metabolic pathway is

back 41

linear

front 42

Most electron carriers are

back 42

coenzymes

front 43

The step involving ATP, hexokinase and the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is

back 43

an example of substrate-level phosphorylation

front 44

Which of the following is not a process that regenerates ATP

back 44

reductive phosphorylation

front 45

Gylcolysis

back 45

uses 2 ATP, produces ATP, without oxygen

front 46

The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins

back 46

the Krebs cycle

front 47

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in

back 47

glycolysis and krebs cycle

front 48

The majority of reduced NAD is produced in

back 48

Krebs cycle

front 49

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the

back 49

cell membrane

front 50

Each NADH that enters the electron transport system gives rise to _ ATP

back 50

3

front 51

Each FADH2 from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport system and gives rise to _ATP's

back 51

2

front 52

In which pathway is the most NADH generated

back 52

Krebs cycle

front 53

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed

back 53

electron transport

front 54

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated

back 54

38

front 55

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated

back 55

2

front 56

The principle sites of amphibolic interaction occur during

back 56

glycolysis and krebs cycle

front 57

The _ is all of the genetic material of a cell

back 57

genome

front 58

The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called

back 58

nucleotides

front 59

The duplication of a cell's DNA is called

back 59

replication

front 60

Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by

back 60

DNA ligases

front 61

The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them and correctly replace them are

back 61

DNA polymerases

front 62

The enzyme that help pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle are

back 62

DNA helicases

front 63

DNA Polymerase I

back 63

removes primers

front 64

A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a/an

back 64

mutation

front 65

Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one

back 65

amino acid

front 66

The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein systhesis are called

back 66

transfer RNA

front 67

This molecule is synthesized as a copy of a gene on the DNA template strand

back 67

messenger RNA

front 68

Which of the following is not a type of microRNA

back 68

tRNA

front 69

All of the following pertain to RNA virus replication except

back 69

negative-sense viruses directly undergo translation

front 70

The most serious type of mutation is a

back 70

frame shift mutation

front 71

What type of mutation alters the base, but not the amino acid being coded for

back 71

silent

front 72

Which of the following is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination

back 72

mitosis

front 73

Which of the following is not true of transposons

back 73

are always part of plasmids