Asexual Reproduction
![card image](../uploads/119/38/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000540.png)
The process by which an organism produces a new, genetically identical organism without the use of gametes. Ex: binary fissions, runners in plants, budding and regeneration.
Chromosome
![card image](../uploads/121/40/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000544.jpg)
A single long molecule of DNA wound around proteins called histones.
Genes
![card image](../uploads/122/41/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000546.jpg)
Segments of DNA that code for 1 protein/trait.
Sister Chromatids
![card image](../uploads/125/44/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000552.jpg)
One of the two identical strands in a replicated chromosome.
Cell Cycle
![card image](../uploads/126/45/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000558.jpg)
The series of events that take place in a cell during its lifetime.
Phases:
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
Interphase
![card image](../uploads/127/46/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000556.jpg)
Period of cell cycle where cell grows and develops and DNA replicates.
Centromere
![card image](../uploads/128/47/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000560.jpg)
The point in the chromosome at which two chromatids are joined.
Mitosis
![card image](../uploads/130/49/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000564.png)
Stage of cell cycle when the nucleus divides.
Phases:
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Spindle Fibers
![card image](../uploads/131/50/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000566.png)
Microtubules that pull the sister chromatids apart during mitosis.
Prophase
![card image](../uploads/173/92/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000652.png)
1st stage of mitosis
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- Chromosomes condense
- Spindle fibers start to form
Metaphase
![card image](../uploads/174/93/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000654.png)
2nd stage of mitosis
- Chromosomes line up at the equator or middle of the cell
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
Anaphase
![card image](../uploads/175/94/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000656.png)
3rd stage of mitosis
- Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase
![card image](../uploads/176/95/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000658.png)
Last stage of mitosis
- Nuclear envelope reforms around separated chromosomes
- Chromosomes uncondense
- Spindle fibers break down
Cytokinesis
![card image](../uploads/177/96/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000660.png)
After mitosis
Rest of cell divides to get 2 individual cells.
Cell Differentiation
![card image](../uploads/178/97/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000662.gif)
The process of cell modification to form specialized cells. Certain genes on the DNA are turned on or off.
Stem Cells
![card image](../uploads/179/98/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000664.jpg)
Cells that are undifferentiated that are capable of becoming specialized cells.
Daughter cells
![card image](../uploads/192/12/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000690.png)
The resulting identical cells after cell division
Somatic Cell
![card image](../uploads/194/14/_57c95efa_149e595e382__8000_00000694.gif)
Body Cells - Any cell that forms in the body of the organism.
DNA Replication
![card image](../uploads/704/20/d6f95b5_16384e10899__8000_00000229.png)
Process that makes an exact copy of DNA. Uses both strands as templates.
Semi-conservative Replication
![card image](../uploads/706/22/d6f95b5_16384e10899__8000_00000235.png)
After DNA replication, the resulting DNA has 1 original strand and 1 new strand. This is due to using both strands of original DNA as templates and ensures the accuracy of the replication.