Pulmonary Circuit
![card image](http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Elementary%20Anatomy%20and%20Physiology%2050/Lecture%20outlines/11_03Figure-L.jpg)
-carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
-begins and ends at the heart
Systemic Circuit
![card image](http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Elementary%20Anatomy%20and%20Physiology%2050/Lecture%20outlines/11_03Figure-L.jpg)
-carries blood to and from the body
-begins and ends at the heart
Arteries/Efferent Vessels
![card image](http://www.angioslide.com/uploads/images/pat/2.gif)
-carry blood AWAY from the heart
Veins/Afferent Vessels
![card image](http://www.angioslide.com/uploads/images/pat/2.gif)
carry blood TO the heart
Capillaries/Exchange Vessels
![card image](http://scblood.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/1/5/17157360/7519152_orig.jpg)
-microscopic thin-walled vessels
-interconnect the smallest arteries and veins
- exchange materials between blood and tissues (b/c of thin walls)
-materials include dissolved gases, nutrients, and waste products
Each day the heart pumps about _____ liters of blood.
8000
The heart is about the size of a clenched _____.
fist
Four Chambers of the Heart
![card image](http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/media/medical/hw/h9991324_001.jpg)
1.Right Atrium
2.Right Ventricle
3.Left Atrium
4.Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Circulation_of_Blood_Through_the_Heart.jpg)
-receives blood from the systemic circuit and then passes through right ventricle
Right Ventricle
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Circulation_of_Blood_Through_the_Heart.jpg)
-pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit
Left Atrium
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Circulation_of_Blood_Through_the_Heart.jpg)
-collects blood from the pulmonary circuit and empties it into the left ventricle
Left Ventricle
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Circulation_of_Blood_Through_the_Heart.jpg)
pumps blood to the systemic circuit
When the heart beats, first the _____ contract, and then the ______ contract.
Atria; Ventricles
The heart is located near the ________ chest wall, directly posterior to the ______.
![card image](http://dc387.4shared.com/doc/-1DZSVKY/preview003.png)
anterior; sternum
Apex
![card image](http://www.drcink.net/circulation/apex04.jpg)
inferior, pointed tip of the heart
Pericardial Sac/Fibrous Pericardium
-surrounds the heart
-consists of a dense network of collagen fibers
-stabilizes the the position of the heart
Pericardium
-double lining of the pericardial cavity
1)visceral pericardium (epicardium)
2)parietal pericardium
Pericardial Cavity
![card image](http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2020/2020%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201/pericardial%20layers.jpg)
-the space between the visceral and parietal pericardium
-contains 15-50 mL of pericardial fluid
Pericardial Fluid
![card image](http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2020/2020%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201/pericardial%20layers.jpg)
acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the opposing surfaces as the heart beats
Coronary Sulcus
![card image](https://home.comcast.net/~wnor/heartsulciant.jpg)
-a deep groove that marks the border between the atria and ventricles
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus and Posterior interventricular sulcus
![card image](https://home.comcast.net/~wnor/heartsulciant.jpg)
shallow depressions that mark the boundary between the left and right ventricles
Epicardium
![card image](http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2020/2020%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201/pericardial%20layers.jpg)
-covers the outer surface of the heart
Myocardium
![card image](http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/images/myocard.jpg)
-muscular wall of the heart
-consists of concentric layers of cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium
![card image](http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/images/myocard.jpg)
-covers the inner surface of the heart
-simple squamous epithelium
Characteristics of Muscle Cells
![card image](http://images.tutorvista.com/content/tissues/cardiac-muscle-tissue.jpeg)
-interconnected by intercalated discs
-small
-single nuclei
-branching interconnections between cells
Intercalated Discs
![card image](http://images.tutorvista.com/content/tissues/cardiac-muscle-tissue.jpeg)
-transfer the force of contraction from cell to cell and propagate action potentials