Central Nervous System
![card image](http://medicalterms.info/img/uploads/anatomy/central-nervous-system.jpg)
-consists of the brain and spinal cord, which primarily interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions based on that info and on past experience
Peripheral Nervous System
![card image](http://medicalterms.info/img/uploads/anatomy/peripheral-nervous-system.jpg)
-consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors
Two Subdivisions of PNS
1.Sensory Portion
2.Motor Portion
Sensory Portion
-consists of nerve fibers that conduct impulses toward the CNS
Motor Portion
-contains nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the CNS
-consists of the somatic division and autonomic nervous system
Somatic Division (sometimes called the voluntary system)
![card image](http://online.sfsu.edu/psych200/unit5/u5m5.gif)
-controls the skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System (often referred to as Involuntary Nervous System)
![card image](http://www.methuen.k12.ma.us/mnmelan/Main%20Page/paraandsympathetic.jpg)
-controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
- its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches play a role in maintaining homeostasis
Neural Tube
-epithelial tube developed from the neural plate and forming the central nervous system of the embyro
Three major regions of the brain
![card image](http://phys-mic-vic-ash.wikispaces.com/file/view/brain-divisions.gif/301425706/brain-divisions.gif)
1.Forebrain
2.Midbrain
3.Hindbrain
Ventricles
![card image](http://www.buzzle.com/images/diagrams/labeled-brain-diagrams/brain-ventricles.jpg)
-cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebral Hemispheres
![card image](http://www.medicalartlibrary.com/images/cerebral-hemispheres.jpg)
-either half of the cerebrum
the most superior portion of the brain
Gyri
![card image](http://anatomy.wikispaces.com/file/view/gyri_vs_sulci.jpg/127987999/480x599/gyri_vs_sulci.jpg)
-elevated ridges of tissue
Sulci
![card image](http://anatomy.wikispaces.com/file/view/gyri_vs_sulci.jpg/127987999/480x599/gyri_vs_sulci.jpg)
-shallow grooves
Fissures
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/67582/flashcards/670169/png/brain-fissures.png)
-deeper grooves
Longitudinal Fissure
![card image](http://education-portal.com/cimages/multimages/16/longitudinal-fissure.jpg)
-single deep fissure
Central Sulcus
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/LobesCaptsLateral.png)
-divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
Lateral Sulcus
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Lateral_sulcus2.png)
-separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe
Parieto-occipital Sulcus
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/787/flashcards/1135787/png/lobes1346873982015-144DB739DA610693E52.png)
-on the medial surface of each hemisphere divides the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe
Insula
![card image](http://www.inner-light-in.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Insula-006.png)
-fifth lobe of each cerebral hemispheres
-buried deep within the lateral sulcus
-covered by portions of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes.
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
![card image](http://mva.me/edu/brain_areas/somato_and_motor.jpg)
-region of the brain where nerve signals from the sense of touch are normally received
-located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
Somatosensory Association Cortex
![card image](http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/left-lateral-view-functional-areas-cerebral-cortex-motor-sensory-association-areas.jpg?7ed0a5)
-incoming stimuli is analyzed
-allows you to become aware of pain, coldness, a light touch, and the like
Uncus
- the hooklike anterior end of the hippocampal gyrus on the temporal lobe of the brain
Primary Motor Cortex
![card image](http://o.quizlet.com/XpwetnuK.hKMB9nYBFU.-Q_m.jpg)
- responsible for conscious or voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.
-located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
Broca's area
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/BrocasAreaSmall.png)
-specialized speech motor area
-located at the base of the precentral gyrus just above the lateral sulcus
-located in only one cerebral hemisphere, usually the left
Prefrontal Cortex
![card image](http://www.whatayear.org/images/prefrontal_cortex.jpg)
-contains many areas involved in intellect, complex reasoning, and personality
-anterior portions of the frontal lobes
Wernicke's Area
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/BrocasAreaSmall.png)
-at the junction of the parietal and temporal lobes
-an area in which familiar words are sounded out
-located in only one cerebral hemisphere, typically left
Cerebral Cortex
![card image](http://thehigherlearning.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/robot-monkey2.gif)
-outer layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres
-responsible for for higher brain function, including sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory
Cerebral White Matter
-composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to or from the cortex
Diencephalon
![card image](http://www.3icreative.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/forebrain-diencephalon-300x251.jpg)
-posterior part of the forebrain that connects the midbrain with the cerebral hemispheres
-encloses the third ventricle, and contains the thalamus and hypothalmus
Olfactory Bulbs
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/429/flashcards/1995429/jpg/olfactory_bulbs1354131697066.jpg)
-the bulblike distal end of the olfactory lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin
-synapse point of cranial nerve I
Pituitary Gland
![card image](https://headway.revolutiondata-cms.com/uploads/public/images/System%20Images/Sitepages/About%20brain%20injury/PituitaryGland434.jpg)
-small oval endocrine gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior and posterior lobe
Mammillary Bodies
![card image](http://scientopia.org/img-archive/scicurious/img_117.png)
- one of two small round structures on the undersurface of the brain that form the terminals of the anterior arches of the fornix
-relay stations for olfaction
-bulges exteriorly from the floor of the hypothalamus just posterior to the pituitary gland
Brain Stem
![card image](http://hopes.stanford.edu/sites/hopes/files/f_ab25brnstem.gif)
-the stemlike portion of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord
-comprising the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain
Cerebellum
![card image](http://www.acbrown.com/neuro/Lectures/Motr/AVFigs/NrMotr23.gif)
-cauliflower-like
-projects dorsally from under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
*outer cortex made up of gray matter
*inner region of white matter
Pons
![card image](http://cancercaremalaysia.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/brain-pons.png)
-consists primarily of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with lower CNS centers
Medulla Oblongata
![card image](http://img.youtube.com/vi/JXf4ImRtzkE/0.jpg)
composed primarily of fiber tracts
Corpus Callosum
![card image](http://www.intropsych.com/ch02_human_nervous_system/02callosum.jpg)
-major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres
Fornix
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/642/flashcards/400642/jpg/20_fornix1342804299443.jpg)
-bandlike fiber tract concerned with olfaction as well as limbic system functions
Septum Pellucidum
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/305/flashcards/2647305/jpg/septum_pellucidum1366311130077.jpg)
-separates the lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres
Thalamus
![card image](http://www.news-medical.net/image.axd?picture=2010%2F7%2Fbrain-thalamus.gif)
-consists of two large lobes of gray matter that laterally enclose the shallow third ventricle of the brain
Hypothalamus
![card image](http://www.news-medical.net/image.axd?picture=2010%2F7%2Fbrain-thalamus.gif)
-makes up the floor and inferolateral walls of the third ventricle
-involved in regulation of body temperature, water balance, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism
Epithalamus
-forms the roof of the third ventricle
-most dorsal portion of the diencephalon
-contains pineal gland
Cerebral Aqueduct
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/722/flashcards/1355722/png/cerebral_aqueduct1335310595476.png)
-a slender canal traveling through the midbrain
-connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle in the hindbrain below
Meninges
![card image](http://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/r7_meninges.jpg)
-3 layer of connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the brain and spinal cord
Dura Mater
![card image](http://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/r7_meninges.jpg)
-outermost meninx double layered membrane
1.Periosteal layer
- attached to the inner surface of the skull forming the periosteum
2.Meningeal Layer
- forms the outermost brain covering and it continuous with the dura mater of the spinal cord
Arachnoid Mater
![card image](http://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/r7_meninges.jpg)
-weblike middle meninx
-underlies the dura mater and is partially separated from it by the subdural space
Pia Mater
![card image](http://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/r7_meninges.jpg)
-the innermost meninx
-highly vascular and clings tenaciously to the surface of the brain