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47 notecards = 12 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves

front 1

Central Nervous System

back 1

-consists of the brain and spinal cord, which primarily interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions based on that info and on past experience

front 2

Peripheral Nervous System

back 2

-consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors

front 3

Two Subdivisions of PNS

back 3

1.Sensory Portion
2.Motor Portion

front 4

Sensory Portion

back 4

-consists of nerve fibers that conduct impulses toward the CNS

front 5

Motor Portion

back 5

-contains nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the CNS
-consists of the somatic division and autonomic nervous system

front 6

Somatic Division (sometimes called the voluntary system)

back 6

-controls the skeletal muscles

front 7

Autonomic Nervous System (often referred to as Involuntary Nervous System)

back 7

-controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
- its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches play a role in maintaining homeostasis

front 8

Neural Tube

back 8

-epithelial tube developed from the neural plate and forming the central nervous system of the embyro

front 9

Three major regions of the brain

back 9

1.Forebrain
2.Midbrain
3.Hindbrain

front 10

Ventricles

back 10

-cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

front 11

Cerebral Hemispheres

back 11

-either half of the cerebrum
the most superior portion of the brain

front 12

Gyri

back 12

-elevated ridges of tissue

front 13

Sulci

back 13

-shallow grooves

front 14

Fissures

back 14

-deeper grooves

front 15

Longitudinal Fissure

back 15

-single deep fissure

front 16

Central Sulcus

back 16

-divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

front 17

Lateral Sulcus

back 17

-separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe

front 18

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

back 18

-on the medial surface of each hemisphere divides the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe

front 19

Insula

back 19

-fifth lobe of each cerebral hemispheres
-buried deep within the lateral sulcus
-covered by portions of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes.

front 20

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

back 20

-region of the brain where nerve signals from the sense of touch are normally received
-located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

front 21

Somatosensory Association Cortex

back 21

-incoming stimuli is analyzed
-allows you to become aware of pain, coldness, a light touch, and the like

front 22

Uncus

back 22

- the hooklike anterior end of the hippocampal gyrus on the temporal lobe of the brain

front 23

Primary Motor Cortex

back 23

- responsible for conscious or voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.
-located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

front 24

Broca's area

back 24

-specialized speech motor area
-located at the base of the precentral gyrus just above the lateral sulcus
-located in only one cerebral hemisphere, usually the left

front 25

Prefrontal Cortex

back 25

-contains many areas involved in intellect, complex reasoning, and personality
-anterior portions of the frontal lobes

front 26

Wernicke's Area

back 26

-at the junction of the parietal and temporal lobes
-an area in which familiar words are sounded out
-located in only one cerebral hemisphere, typically left

front 27

Cerebral Cortex

back 27

-outer layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres
-responsible for for higher brain function, including sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory

front 28

Cerebral White Matter

back 28

-composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to or from the cortex

front 29

Diencephalon

back 29

-posterior part of the forebrain that connects the midbrain with the cerebral hemispheres
-encloses the third ventricle, and contains the thalamus and hypothalmus

front 30

Olfactory Bulbs

back 30

-the bulblike distal end of the olfactory lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin
-synapse point of cranial nerve I

front 31

Pituitary Gland

back 31

-small oval endocrine gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior and posterior lobe

front 32

Mammillary Bodies

back 32

- one of two small round structures on the undersurface of the brain that form the terminals of the anterior arches of the fornix
-relay stations for olfaction
-bulges exteriorly from the floor of the hypothalamus just posterior to the pituitary gland

front 33

Brain Stem

back 33

-the stemlike portion of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord
-comprising the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain

front 34

Cerebellum

back 34

-cauliflower-like
-projects dorsally from under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
*outer cortex made up of gray matter
*inner region of white matter

front 35

Pons

back 35

-consists primarily of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with lower CNS centers

front 36

Medulla Oblongata

back 36

composed primarily of fiber tracts

front 37

Corpus Callosum

back 37

-major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres

front 38

Fornix

back 38

-bandlike fiber tract concerned with olfaction as well as limbic system functions

front 39

Septum Pellucidum

back 39

-separates the lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres

front 40

Thalamus

back 40

-consists of two large lobes of gray matter that laterally enclose the shallow third ventricle of the brain

front 41

Hypothalamus

back 41

-makes up the floor and inferolateral walls of the third ventricle
-involved in regulation of body temperature, water balance, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism

front 42

Epithalamus

back 42

-forms the roof of the third ventricle
-most dorsal portion of the diencephalon
-contains pineal gland

front 43

Cerebral Aqueduct

back 43

-a slender canal traveling through the midbrain
-connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle in the hindbrain below

front 44

Meninges

back 44

-3 layer of connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the brain and spinal cord

front 45

Dura Mater

back 45

-outermost meninx double layered membrane
1.Periosteal layer
- attached to the inner surface of the skull forming the periosteum
2.Meningeal Layer
- forms the outermost brain covering and it continuous with the dura mater of the spinal cord

front 46

Arachnoid Mater

back 46

-weblike middle meninx
-underlies the dura mater and is partially separated from it by the subdural space

front 47

Pia Mater

back 47

-the innermost meninx
-highly vascular and clings tenaciously to the surface of the brain