![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531897/1/MariebHAP09_20-01a_artquest.jpg)
Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. These cells form a unique structural modification that increases their permeability that is known as the __________.
minivalves
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Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries?
increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary
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To what organ do the lymphatic vessels return protein-rich escaped fluids to rejoin circulation?
heart
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531900/1/MariebHAP09_20-01b_artquest.jpg)
What do collecting lymphatic vessels NOT share in common with veins of the cardiovascular system?
thickness of the walls
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What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood.
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Which of the following lacks lymph capillaries?
bones and teeth
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531903/1/MariebHAP09_20-02a_artquest.jpg)
Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region?
thoracic duct
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531904/1/MariebHAP09_20-02a_artquest.jpg)
Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct?
right upper limb, right side of the head and thorax
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531905/1/MariebHAP09_20-02a_artquest.jpg)
What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk returns lymph?
cisterna chyli
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531906/1/MariebHAP09_20-02b_artquest.jpg)
Which of the following returns lymph to the right lymphatic duct?
right side of the head
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Which of the following delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein?
thoracic duct
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531909/1/MariebHAP09_20-03_artquest.jpg)
What type of tissue is commonly found in all lymphoid organs and tissues (except the thymus)?
reticular connective tissue
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531910/1/MariebHAP09_20-03_artquest.jpg)
What is the role of the B lymphocytes (B cells) in lymphoid tissue?
produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies
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What is the role of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue?
capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531918/1/MariebHAP09_20-05_artquest.jpg)
Which of these lymphoid organs is the thymus? Select from letters A-D.
B
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Which of these lymphoid organs destroys bacteria before it can breach the intestinal wall and generates "memory" lymphocytes for long-term memory? Select from letters A-D.
D
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Which letter represents the tonsils? Select from letters A-D.
A
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531907/1/MariebHAP09_20-02b_artquest.jpg)
Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes?
cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions
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The filtration of lymph and immune system activation are the two basic functions of the __________.
lymph nodes
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Lymph nodes are surrounded by a capsule from which connective tissue strands extend inward to divide the node into compartments. What is the name of these strands?
trabeculae
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What region of the lymph node contains densely packed follicles with dividing B cells?
cortex
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Which lymphoid organ is primarily active during the early years of life? Select from letters A-D.
B
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531916/1/MariebHAP09_20-05_artquest.jpg)
Which of these lymphoid organs is a part of collection of tissues called the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) and removes pathogens entering the pharynx (throat)? Select from letters A-D.
A
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531917/1/MariebHAP09_20-05_artquest.jpg)
Which lymphoid organ extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood in addition to storing some of the breakdown products for later reuse? Select from letters A-D.
C
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531921/1/MariebHAP09_20-06a-b_artquest.jpg)
Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function?
white pulp
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531922/1/MariebHAP09_20-06a-b_artquest.jpg)
Where are worn-out erythrocytes found in the spleen?
red pulp
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531923/1/MariebHAP09_20-06a-b_artquest.jpg)
Where is the spleen located?
left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531924/1/MariebHAP09_20-08_artquest.jpg)
Where is the lingual tonsil located?
base of the tongue
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531925/1/MariebHAP09_20-08_artquest.jpg)
Tonsillar crypts are invaginations deep into the interior of the tonsil. What is missing from the tonsil that allows for the presence of tonsillar crypts?
capsule
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531926/1/MariebHAP09_20-08_artquest.jpg)
Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged?
pharyngeal tonsil
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531936/1/MariebHAP09_21-16_artquest.jpg)
What type of cell is the precursor to the helper T cell?
CD4 cell
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What type of cell is a precursor to the cytotoxic T cell?
CD8 cell
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531938/1/MariebHAP09_21-16_artquest.jpg)
What activates CD8 cells?
antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins
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What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells?
cytotoxin T (TC) cells
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Cytotoxic T (TC) cells check cells of the body for identity flags to see if they look they way they are supposed to. What is this process called?
immune surveillance
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531941/1/MariebHAP09_21-19a_artquest.jpg)
Which type of T cell will recognize antigens associated with an allograft?
cytotoxin T (TC) cell
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531942/3/MariebHAP09_21-02b_artquest_v2.jpg)
Which letter represents the formation of a phagolysosome resulting from the fusion of a lysosome with the phagocytic vesicle? Select from letters A-D.
C
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531943/1/MariebHAP09_21-02b_artquest.jpg)
With what does our immune system coat pathogens to facilitate their capture and accelerate phagocytosis?
opsonins
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531944/1/MariebHAP09_21-02b_artquest.jpg)
Which letter represents the adhesion of the phagocyte to the pathogen? Select from letters A-D.
A
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531945/1/MariebHAP09_21-03_artquest.jpg)
Four (or five) cardinal signs indicate inflammation. What specific sign of inflammation is the result of exudate in the tissue spaces?
edema (swelling)
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531946/1/MariebHAP09_21-03_artquest.jpg)
Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is released by mast cells?
histamine
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Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?
vasoconstriction
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531948/1/MariebHAP09_21-04_artquest.jpg)
When do neutrophils enter the blood from the red bone marrow, in response to leukocytosis-inducing factors?
leukocytosis
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531949/1/MariebHAP09_21-04_artquest.jpg)
What is the main event of chemotaxis?
Neutrophils and other WBCs migrate up the gradient of chemotactic agents to the site of injury.
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Neutrophils flatten and squeeze between the endothelial cells of the capillary walls during what process?
diapedesis
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531951/1/MariebHAP09_21-05_artquest.jpg)
What protein can be released by infected cells to help protect cells that have not yet been infected?
interferons (IFNs)
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How do interferons protect against infection in healthy cells?
Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells through the production of antiviral proteins.
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531953/1/MariebHAP09_21-05_artquest.jpg)
What is the specific target of interferons?
nearby healthy cells
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531954/1/MariebHAP09_21-08_artquest.jpg)
Which cells mature in the thymus?
T cells
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531955/1/MariebHAP09_21-08_artquest.jpg)
How does a lymphocyte become immunocompetent?
Lymphocytes must be able to recognize their one specific antigen by binding to it.
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531956/1/MariebHAP09_21-08_artquest.jpg)
What are B and T cells called that have not yet been exposed to an antigen?
naive
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531927/1/MariebHAP09_21-13_artquest.jpg)
How would you classify the antivenom used to treat poisonous snake bites?
passive immunity, artificially acquired
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531928/1/MariebHAP09_21-13_artquest.jpg)
Which of the following exemplifies passive immunity?
antitoxin
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531929/1/MariebHAP09_21-13_artquest.jpg)
Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity?
vaccines
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531930/1/MariebHAP09_21-14a_artquest.jpg)
What part of the antibody's structure determines its class?
constant (C) region
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531931/1/MariebHAP09_21-14a_artquest.jpg)
Which immunoglobulin class can cross the placenta to provide naturally acquired passive immunity to the fetus?
IgG
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531932/1/MariebHAP09_21-14a_artquest.jpg)
What is the first antibody released in the primary response and usually indicates infection?
IgM
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531933/1/MariebHAP09_21-15_artquest.jpg)
Which mechanism occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins?
neutralization
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Which of the following mechanisms of antibody action occur when red blood cells clump due to a transfusion of mismatched blood?
agglutination
![card image](http://session.masteringaandp.com/problemAsset/1531935/1/MariebHAP09_21-15_artquest.jpg)
Which mechanism of antibody action results in cell lysis?
complement fixation and activation