Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
- Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
- Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
CH. 20 21 art questions
front 1  Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. These cells form a unique structural modification that increases their permeability that is known as the __________. | back 1 minivalves |
front 2 Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries? | back 2 increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary |
front 3  To what organ do the lymphatic vessels return protein-rich escaped fluids to rejoin circulation? | back 3 heart |
front 4  What do collecting lymphatic vessels NOT share in common with veins of the cardiovascular system? | back 4 thickness of the walls |
front 5  What is the main function of the lymphatic system? | back 5 The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood. |
front 6  Which of the following lacks lymph capillaries? | back 6 bones and teeth |
front 7  Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region? | back 7 thoracic duct |
front 8  Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct? | back 8 right upper limb, right side of the head and thorax |
front 9  What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk returns lymph? | back 9 cisterna chyli |
front 10  Which of the following returns lymph to the right lymphatic duct? | back 10 right side of the head |
front 11  Which of the following delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein? | back 11 thoracic duct |
front 12  What type of tissue is commonly found in all lymphoid organs and tissues (except the thymus)? | back 12 reticular connective tissue |
front 13  What is the role of the B lymphocytes (B cells) in lymphoid tissue? | back 13 produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies |
front 14  What is the role of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue? | back 14 capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes |
front 15  Which of these lymphoid organs is the thymus? Select from letters A-D. | back 15 B |
front 16  Which of these lymphoid organs destroys bacteria before it can breach the intestinal wall and generates "memory" lymphocytes for long-term memory? Select from letters A-D. | back 16 D |
front 17  Which letter represents the tonsils? Select from letters A-D. | back 17 A |
front 18  Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes? | back 18 cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions |
front 19  The filtration of lymph and immune system activation are the two basic functions of the __________. | back 19 lymph nodes |
front 20  Lymph nodes are surrounded by a capsule from which connective tissue strands extend inward to divide the node into compartments. What is the name of these strands? | back 20 trabeculae |
front 21  What region of the lymph node contains densely packed follicles with dividing B cells? | back 21 cortex |
front 22  Which lymphoid organ is primarily active during the early years of life? Select from letters A-D. | back 22 B |
front 23  Which of these lymphoid organs is a part of collection of tissues called the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) and removes pathogens entering the pharynx (throat)? Select from letters A-D. | back 23 A |
front 24  Which lymphoid organ extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood in addition to storing some of the breakdown products for later reuse? Select from letters A-D. | back 24 C |
front 25  Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function? | back 25 white pulp |
front 26  Where are worn-out erythrocytes found in the spleen? | back 26 red pulp |
front 27  Where is the spleen located? | back 27 left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach |
front 28  Where is the lingual tonsil located? | back 28 base of the tongue |
front 29  Tonsillar crypts are invaginations deep into the interior of the tonsil. What is missing from the tonsil that allows for the presence of tonsillar crypts? | back 29 capsule |
front 30  Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged? | back 30 pharyngeal tonsil |
front 31  What type of cell is the precursor to the helper T cell? | back 31 CD4 cell |
front 32  What type of cell is a precursor to the cytotoxic T cell? | back 32 CD8 cell |
front 33  What activates CD8 cells? | back 33 antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins |
front 34  What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells? | back 34 cytotoxin T (TC) cells |
front 35 Cytotoxic T (TC) cells check cells of the body for identity flags to see if they look they way they are supposed to. What is this process called? | back 35 immune surveillance |
front 36  Which type of T cell will recognize antigens associated with an allograft? | back 36 cytotoxin T (TC) cell |
front 37  Which letter represents the formation of a phagolysosome resulting from the fusion of a lysosome with the phagocytic vesicle? Select from letters A-D. | back 37 C |
front 38  With what does our immune system coat pathogens to facilitate their capture and accelerate phagocytosis? | back 38 opsonins |
front 39  Which letter represents the adhesion of the phagocyte to the pathogen? Select from letters A-D. | back 39 A |
front 40  Four (or five) cardinal signs indicate inflammation. What specific sign of inflammation is the result of exudate in the tissue spaces? | back 40 edema (swelling) |
front 41  Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is released by mast cells? | back 41 histamine |
front 42  Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation? | back 42 vasoconstriction |
front 43  When do neutrophils enter the blood from the red bone marrow, in response to leukocytosis-inducing factors? | back 43 leukocytosis |
front 44  What is the main event of chemotaxis? | back 44 Neutrophils and other WBCs migrate up the gradient of chemotactic agents to the site of injury. |
front 45  Neutrophils flatten and squeeze between the endothelial cells of the capillary walls during what process? | back 45 diapedesis |
front 46  What protein can be released by infected cells to help protect cells that have not yet been infected? | back 46 interferons (IFNs) |
front 47  How do interferons protect against infection in healthy cells? | back 47 Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells through the production of antiviral proteins. |
front 48  What is the specific target of interferons? | back 48 nearby healthy cells |
front 49  Which cells mature in the thymus? | back 49 T cells |
front 50  How does a lymphocyte become immunocompetent? | back 50 Lymphocytes must be able to recognize their one specific antigen by binding to it. |
front 51  What are B and T cells called that have not yet been exposed to an antigen? | back 51 naive |
front 52  How would you classify the antivenom used to treat poisonous snake bites? | back 52 passive immunity, artificially acquired |
front 53  Which of the following exemplifies passive immunity? | back 53 antitoxin |
front 54  Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity? | back 54 vaccines |
front 55  What part of the antibody's structure determines its class? | back 55 constant (C) region |
front 56  Which immunoglobulin class can cross the placenta to provide naturally acquired passive immunity to the fetus? | back 56 IgG |
front 57  What is the first antibody released in the primary response and usually indicates infection? | back 57 IgM |
front 58  Which mechanism occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins? | back 58 neutralization |
front 59  Which of the following mechanisms of antibody action occur when red blood cells clump due to a transfusion of mismatched blood? | back 59 agglutination |
front 60  Which mechanism of antibody action results in cell lysis? | back 60 complement fixation and activation |