Most of our discussion in Module 5 has been about the _______ part of the ANS. The sensory part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is spread widely within our bodies without holding distinctive anatomical characteristics while the __________ part of the ANS has two distinctive divisions.
Correct answer:
motor
sensory
enteric
afferent
Motor
_______________ is a state of equilibrium, or balance, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
rest and digest
sympathetic
parasympathetic
homeostasis
homeostasis
During a fight-or- flight response, which of the following DO NOT occur?
breathing rate decreases
glucose is released
Answer,
pupils dilate
stomach activity is stimulated
sweating
breathing rate decreases
stomach activity is stimulated
In the parasympathetic nervous system, which fibers are longer?
preganglionic
postganglionic
preganglionic
Choose the description that best matches the picture:
A central neuron does not synapse in a chain ganglion, but instead within a prevertebral ganglion.
A central neuron synapses with a ganglion at the same level within the chain ganglia.
A central neuron synapses within a more superior ganglion in the chain.
A central neuron synapses within a more inferior ganglion in the chain.
A central neuron synapses within a more superior ganglion in the chain.
A central neuron synapses within a more superior ganglion in the chain
The parasympathetic ganglia are close to or within the organs they innervate, while the sympathetic ganglia are close to the spinal cord
True
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be defined as
part of the CNS
a system responsible for “rest and digest” responses
another name for the peripheral nervous system
generally considered to be within our voluntary control
a system responsible for “rest and digest” responses
Which division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved in preparing the body for stress-related activities?
the parasympathetic division
the sympathetic division
the enteric division
the autonomic division
the sympathetic division
The __________ part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has two distinctive divisions, while the __________ part of the ANS is is spread widely within our bodies without holding distinctive anatomical characteristics.
parasympathetic, sympathetic
sympathetic, parasympathetic
motor, sensory
sensory, motor
motor, sensory
During a fight or flight response, all of the following occur except
more oxygen needs to be inhaled and delivered to skeletal muscle
the digestive system activates
the respiratory system is activated
sweating keeps the contracting muscles from overheating
the digestive system activates
Once a threat (real or perceived) has been resolved, what system takes over and returns bodily functions to a relaxed state?
sympathetic
enteric
peripheral
parasympathetic
parasympathetic
The three collateral ganglia that receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons and are associated with controlling organs in the abdominal cavity are the (choose all that apply)
celiac ganglion
collateral ganglia
left chain ganglia
superior mesenteric ganglion
inferior mesenteric ganglion
celiac ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
inferior mesenteric ganglion
An axon from the central neuron that projects to a sympathetic ganglion and represents output from the CNS to the ganglion is referred to as a
sympathetic fiber
preganglionic fiber
postganglionic fiber
collateral fiber
preganglionic fiber
The axon from a ganglionic neuron that projects to the target effector is called a
sympathetic fiber
preganglionic fiber
postganglionic fiber
collateral fiber
postganglionic fiber
The axon from a central sympathetic neuron in the spinal cord can project to the periphery in several ways. Match the following diagrams with their corresponding descriptions:
A
B
C
A. The fiber can project out to the ganglion at the same level and synapse on a ganglionic neuron
B. A branch can project to more a superior or inferior ganglion in the chain
C. A branch can project through the white ramus communicans, but not terminate on a ganglionic neuron in the chain. Instead, it projects through one of the splanchnic nerves to a collateral ganglion or the adrenal medulla
Given the diagram below, which of the following organs/effectors are innervated by an axon from the central neuron synapsing with the ganglionic neuron (with the postganglionic fiber shown as a dashed line), which then projects to a target effector?
the sublingual gland
the heart
the stomach
the kidney
The heart
Given the diagram below, which of the following organs/effectors are innervated when the spinal nerve tracks up through the chain until it reaches the superior cervical ganglion, where it synapses with the postganglionic neuron.
the sublingual gland
the heart
the stomach
the kidney
Sublingual gland
Given the diagram below, which of the following organs/effectors are innervated when additional branches from the ventral nerve root continue through the chain and on to one of the collateral ganglia?
the sublingual gland
the stomach
the heart
the larynx
The stomach
Sympathetic ganglia are close to the spinal cord while parasympathetic ganglia are close to
celiac ganglion
the skin
the spinal cord
their effectors
their effectors
Because the preganglionic neurons are located in nuclei of the brain stem and the lateral horn of the sacral spinal cord, the _________________ system can also be referred to as the craniosacral system (or outflow).
sympathetic
parasympathetic
autonomic
peripheral
parasympathetic
The adrenal gland (in Latin, ad- = “on top of”; renal = “kidney”) secretes adrenaline. Adrenaline and ____________ are two names for the same molecule.
adrenalide
endogenous
acetylcholine
epinephrine
epinephrine
Synapses of the autonomic system are classified as either cholinergic, meaning that acetylcholine (ACh) is released, or adrenergic, meaning that ______________ is released.
adrenaline
endogenous
norepinephrine
epinephrine
norepinephrine
Neurotransmitters are released at synapses, whereas _____________ is (are) released into the bloodstream.
hormones
adrenaline
norepinephrine
epinephrine
hormones
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is distributed throughout the CNS and PNS to various extents and influences our sensory and motor functions.
True
False
True
A medication blocks norepinephrine release from sympathetic neurons. Which effect would MOST likely occur?
Increased heart rate
Reduced fight-or-flight responses
Increased sweating due to stress
D. Larger pupils
Reduced fight-or-flight responses
During a routine neurological examination, a patient has normal voluntary movement but poor regulation of heart rate and blood pressure. Which system is MOST likely affected?
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Primary motor cortex
Cerebellum
Autonomic nervous system