diabetic retinopathy
damage to the blood vessels in the itssue at the back of the eye
glaucoma
the nerve connecting the eye to the brain is damaged
amblyopia
when nerve pathways between the brain and eye aren't properly stimulated
strabismus
nerve injury or dysfunction of the muscles controlling the eye
the biggest artery in the body:
aorta
mild hearing loss
some speech sounds but soft sounds are hard to hear
moderate hearing loss
almost no speech when another is talking
severe hearing loss
hear no speech at all and some loud sounds
profound hearing loss
no speech and only very loud sounds
four major blood cells:
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
red blood cells
made in bone marrow and found in the blood
white blood cells
part of the body's immune system
platelets
prevent and stop bleeding
plasma
the liquid component of blood
Venous Thromboembolism
blood clot deep in a vein
hemphilia
blood does not clot properly
sickle cell
red blood cells become hard and sticky
upper chambers of the heart:
left atrium and right atrium
lower chambers of the heart:
left ventricle and right ventricle
pericardium
thin, outer lining that protects your heart
myocardium
thick, muscular middle layer that contracts to pump blood
endocardium
thin, inner layer that makes up the lining of the four chambers
SA node
where the electrical system of the heart begins; the heart's pacemaker
AV node
an area of cells at the bottom of the right atrium that the electrical pulse travels to
arteries
carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the bodt
veins
carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
capillaries
connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins
what does ADME stand for?
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
absorption:
the movement of a drug in its site of administration to the bloodstream
distribution:
moving from the absorption site to tissues around the body
metabolism
how fast nutrients is processed through the body
excretion
the excretion of the drug through the kidneys and into the bile
dorsal cavity
the cranial cavity and spinal cavity
ventral cavity
thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity
sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right
coronal cavity
divides the body into front and back
transverse plane
divides the body into head and tail portions
natural immunity
caused by exposure to the agent
artificial
obtained through vaccines
inherited immunity
develops before birth
lympth nodes
bean-shaped tissue that filters fluid in the body
active natural immunity
body produces antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen
active artificial immunity
antibodies in response to a vaccine
passive natural immunity
antibodies are past from mother to baby
5 main functions of the respiratory system
gas exchange, acid-base balance, phonation, pumonary defense, and metabolism
pharynx
tube that delivers air from your mouth and nose to the trachea
trachea
tubes at the bottom of the windpipe that connect into each lung
alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
bronchioles
small branches of the bronchial tubes that lead to the alveoli
pleura
thin sacs that surround each lung lobe
epiglottis
tissue flap at the entrance of the trachea that closes when your swallow
larynx
hollow organ that allows you to talk
the order that food passes throught the digestive system in
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon (large intestine), rectum
function of the small intestine
absorbs nutrients and water
function of the large intestine
finalizes the digestive process by absorbing remaining water and turns liquid waste into solid stool
function of the kidneys
filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product
ureters
carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
urethra
opening of the bladder
ovum cycle
the egg inside the follicle detaches itself and surrounds the fallopian tube; it bursts and ejects the egg and fluid into the abodminal cavity
how many eggs does a women have in her reproductive life?
400
embryo growth
24 hours after fertilization, the egg multiplies and develops into a fetus
how many weeks make up a trimester of pregnancy?
40 weeks
what is the most common breast tumor?
invasive ductal carcinoma
endometriosis
when the cells similar to the lining of the uterus grow outside of the uterus
PMS (premenstrual system):
sharp mood swings, irritability, hopelessness, and anxiety
epididymitis
inflammation of the coiled tube called the epididymis at the back of the testicle
infancy:
birth to one year
early childhood:
one to six years
late childhood:
7 to 12 years
adolesence:
12 to 18 years
early adulthood:
19 to 40 yrs
middle adulthood:
40 to 65 yrs
late adulthood:
65 till death
stages of grief:
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance, and hope
sensorimotor:
0 to 2; sensory curiosity
preopperational:
2 to 7; symbolic thinking and full thoughts
concrete opperational:
7 to 11; concepts of situations, time, and space
formal opperations:
11+; strategy is applied; hypothetical thinking
infancy:
trust vs. mistrust; 12 to 18 months; feeding
early childhood:
autonomy vs. shame; 18 months to 3 years; toilet training
play age:
initiative vs. guild; 3 to 6 yrs; school
adolesence:
identity vs. role confusion; 6 to 12 yrs; peer relationships
young adult:
intimacy vs. isolation; young adult; love relationships
adulthood:
generativity vs. stagnation; middle adulthood; parenting
late adulthood:
ego integrity vs. despair; late adulthood; reflection and acceptance
maslow's first stage of hierarchy:
physiological; food, water, and sleep
maslow's second stage of hierarchy:
safety needs; security, safety, financial, health
maslow's third stage of hierarchy:
belonging and love needs; intimacy, relationship, and friends
maslow's fourth stage of hierarchy:
esteem needs; prestige, respect, and status
maslow's last stage of hierarchy:
self-actualization; full potential in life