When do you use SER, when do you use ESTAR
Ser is
- identity
- origin
- characteristics
- profession
- time/date
Estar is
- location
- emotions
- temporary conditions
- ongoing actions
What are the preterite AR/ER/IR conjugations
Hablar
| hablé | hablaste | habló | hablamos | hablaron |
Comer
| comí | comiste | comió | comimos | comieron |
Vivir
| viví | viviste | vivió | vivimos | vivieron |
When do you use the imperfect tense?
Use for:
- repeated past actions
- descriptions
- background information
- age/time/weather
What are the imperfect tense conjugations?
Hablar
| hablaba | hablabas | hablaba | hablábamos | hablaban |
Comer
| comía | comías | comía | comíamos | comían |
Vivir
| vivía | vivías | vivía | vivíamos | vivían |
When do you use the present subjunctive?
Use for:
- wishes
- doubt
- emotion
- recommendations
- uncertainty
(WEIRDO)
What are the present subjunctive conjugations?
Regular Conjugation Charts Hablar
| hable | hables | hable | hablemos | hablen |
Comer
| coma | comas | coma | comamos | coman |
Vivir
| viva | vivas | viva | vivamos | vivan |
What are the future tense conjugations?
Endings
| é | ás | á | emos | án |
When do you use the conditional tense?
Use for:
- hypothetical situations
- “would” statements
- polite requests
What are the conditional tense conjugations?
| ía | ías | ía | íamos | ían |
When do you use the present perfect tense?
Use for:
- actions completed recently
- actions connected to the present
Equivalent to “have/has done.”
What are the present perfect tense conjugations?
Formula
haber+participiopasadohaber
Haber Conjugation
| he | has | ha | hemos | han |
Past Participles Verb Type Ending-AR ado-ER/-IR ido
When do you use the Pluperfect (Pluscuamperfecto)?
Use for actions that happened BEFORE another past action.
Equivalent to “had done.”
What are the Pluperfect conjugations?
Formula
haber (imperfecto)+participiohaber\,(imperfecto) + participiohaber(imperfecto)+participio
Haber in Imperfect
| había | habías | había | habíamos | habían |
Example Sentences
- Ya había comido.
- Habíamos salido.
When do you use the present perfect subjunctive?
Use for:
- doubtful past actions
- emotional reactions to past events
What are the present perfect subjunctive conjugations?
Formula
haya+participiohaya + participiohaya+participio
Haber Subjunctive
| haya | hayas | haya | hayamos | hayan |
Example Sentences
- Espero que hayas estudiado.
- Dudo que hayan llegado.
What is the imperfect subjunctive used for?
Use when:
- the main clause is in the past
- subjunctive is still required
What is the imperfect subjunctive conjugation?
Endings
| ra | ras | ra | ramos | ran |