RJ Dillon: Certification Flashcards

Which of the following is a type of pump commonly used in water treatment plants?

What is a multistage pump?

If the pump impeller is running backwards, what action must be taken to correct the rotation?

When should the packing of a pump be adjusted?

When a pump fails to deliver at its rated capacity, what is the most likely cause?

What is a common cause for vibrations in a motor?

What is the purpose of the wear rings in a pump?

What should the seal water pressure be for a pump?

What is the purpose of the seal water?

What is the recommended maximum suction lift?

In water treatment plants, what type of pump is commonly used to deliver chemical solutions?

When should you lubricate your equipment?

In what manner is packing installed?

A positive displacement pump should never be operated _________?

If two or more pumps of the same size and purpose are on line, what method of operation is recommended for them?

If half of the mechanical seal fails, what corrective action should be taken?

What is the purpose of a lantern ring?

The packing of a pump should be adjusted to ________?

On a multiple drive motor, when a belt fails, what corrective action should be taken?

To keep a centrifugal pump primed, install a ______ valve at the end of the suction line.

If a motor fails to start, what should be checked first?

Opening or closing a valve rapidly will cause?

The formation and collapse of a gas pocket or bubble on the blade of an impeller is called?

Changing the packing on a pump is called _______ maintenance.

What is an example of a daily maintenance task for a compressor?

What type of valve is usually used to control the rate of flow?

What type of valve is buried?

What is the most common type of valve used in water treatment plants?

What will happen if the gate valve is left half open to control flow?

In what manner should carbon be stored?

What is brinelling?

What is the recommended manner for storing potassium permanganate?

What causes more damage to a pump's impeller?

What is the unit of electrical resistance?

What is an ammeter used for?

What type of electrical service is usually found in water plants?

Generally, all motors over 2 HP require what type of electrical service?

Before starting work on any electrical equipment, you must first __________.

What unit is used to measure the rate of power consumption?

What is the function of a shear pin?

What is an ampere?

The measurement of how close an instrument determines the true or actual reading of an instrument is called?

The readout of an instrument by the use of a pointer against a scale is an _______ reading.

The device that controls the operation of equipment is called?

The readout of an instrument by a direct numerical reading of the measured value is called a ________ reading?

An instrument's ability to measure a process value and repeatedly obtain the same result is called?

What is the difference between the actual value and the desired value?

What is software?

A device that measures the accumulative amount of a process over a 24-hour period is called?

What is the Williams-Steiger federal law known as today?

Who is responsible for your safety in the workplace?

You should never add to acid because it will cause a violent reaction?

What two chemicals widely used in water treatment will cause an explosion when mixed?

What is usually the first indication of a carbon fire?

What type of fire extinguisher is used for a carbon fire?

What percentage of oxygen is there in air?

Broken laboratory glassware should be __________ to avoid injuries.

Recommended fluoride control limits are based on which of the following?

How many pounds of Cl₂ can you withdraw from a ton cylinder in a day?

How many pounds of Cl₂ can you withdraw from a 150 cylinder in a day?

Chlorine is _______heavier than air?

One liter of liquid chlorine will expand to ________ liters of chlorine gas.

The chlorine dosage minus the chlorine residual is the formula for the _____.

NaOCl is the chemical formula for _________.

HOCI is the chemical formula for _________.

OCI is the chemical formula for _________.

H₂S is the chemical formula for _________.

How many parts per million of chlorine will it take to oxidize 1 ppm of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur?

How many parts of chlorine will it take to oxidize 1 PPM of H₂S to sulfate?

(Ca (OH)2) is the chemical formula for?

The by-product of slaked lime is?

Preventative maintenance for a gate valve includes,

Corrective Maintenance for a gate valve includes,

Lauryl Triptose is used in the __________ stage of the MPN test.

Brilliant green bile broth is used in the _________

What does it mean if every tube in the MPN test confirmed stage has gas?

What test can measure total and fecal coliform at the same time?

An organism found in the intestines of human beings and animals, and in plants, land and air is called?

An organism found only in the intestines of warm-blooded animals including human beings is called?

The best test to measure the effectiveness of a WTP's processes is

The number of monthly samples for coliform analysis is based on

When 40 or more coliform samples are taken, you can have ___________ positive.

At the extremities of the distribution system you must have at least a _________ free Cl₂ residual.

E-coli broth is used when testing for

Chlorine should never be fed ahead of__________

The distribution system has complaints of pink water. The WTP has a greensand filter. What is the most likely cause?

The addition of chlorine to water until the demand is satisfied and every drop added after that is free residual is called_______

Adding alum to water _________the pH.

A common membrane used in Reverse Osmosis water treatment is,

All surface water and groundwater under the influence of surface water must be

To obtain a "C" Water License, an operator must have _____________hours of on the job training.

What is the action level for lead?

What is the maximum chlorine residual level allowed in the distribution system?

For water systems using chlorine dioxide, what is the MCL for chlorite

What is the MCL for color?

The MCL for Turbidity is not more than_________NTU as monthly average.

The WTP uses 360 gallons of 10% NaOCl a day. How many pounds of Cl₂ do they use?

Using the amount of chlorine in Question 97, what is the Cl2 dosage in PPM when the flow is 6 MGD?

The WTP totalizer read 129 at the beginning of the first shift for the month and 0000 at the end of last shift for the month. How many gallons of water were treated daily?

What is the marble test used for?

Using the membrane filtration method, what is the incubation temperature for the total coliform test?

For the membrane filtration method, what is the incubation period for total coliform?

With the MF method, what is the incubation time for the fecal coliform test?

What is the molecular weight of Na₂CO₃?

Add: 121.0; 0.234; 12.456; 678; 1,304.1; 47.96

Express 2/5 as a decimal.

What are the criteria used to classify water treatment plants?

When NaOCl is added to water, what reaction takes place?

What happens when HOCL is added to water?

What is a common level control device used in water plants?

A water system that has at least 15 service connections used by all-year residents or regularly serves at least 25 year round residents is called?

A system that has at least 15 service connections, or regularly services an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year is a _______ system?

The chief operator for a Class "B" WTP needs what level of licensure?

A "B" Class WTP must have a Class "C" operator or higher on duty for?

What is the most effective pH range for oxidation of iron by aeration?

A successful method for removing H2S from water with a pH of 9.4 is to?

Adding sodium aluminate to water will

What is the lowest hardness achievable by the lime or lime-soda ash process?

When you are gathering the monthly coliform samples, what other test/sample must be taken?

A natural underground layer of porous, water-bearing materials usually capable of yielding a large supply of water is called

What is the most likely cause of black water in the distribution system?

Specific conductance is an indirect measurement of

What is the purpose of installing tube settlers?

How long does the coagulation process take?

During an inspection of the plant, you discover that a filter is air bound. What action should you take?

What will affect the efficiency of tube settlers?

How many zones are there in a sedimentation basin?

Aluminum Sulfate is used as a coagulant because it has

The zeta potential and size of particles in water affect the

In the coagulation and flocculation processes, the difference in the electrical charge between the dense layer of ions surrounding the particle and the charge of the bulk of the suspended fluid surrounding the particle is called?

The particles in water generally have a __________ charge.

When water passes through an ion exchange resin bed, what is usually unaffected by the process?

When water is softened using the ion exchange process, what substance will appear in the finished water?

In the split treatment process, approximately what portion of flow usually bypasses the treatment unit?

Which of the following is a requirement for obtaining the "C" Water License?

Water pressure in the distribution system must never go below ____________psi.

You should avoid using a polyphosphate that is over ____________ hours old.

What is the third stage in the ion exchange process?

A greensand filter is commonly used to remove

What chemical is used to regenerate greensand?

What is the largest cause of water borne illness in the United States?

Water rights to a water supply, which are acquired for the beneficial use of water by following a specific legal procedure, are called?

A connection between potable water and an unapproved water supply is called?

The theoretical time it takes for a small amount of water to pass through a tank at a given flow rate is called?

Water rights, which are acquired by diverting water and putting it to use in accordance with specified procedures, are called?

The drop in the water table or groundwater level when the water is being pumped from a well is called?

What is the process of evaporation of water into air and its return to earth by precipitation called?

The upper surface of the zone of saturation of groundwater in an unconfined aquifer is called?

Water rights that are acquired together with title to the land bordering a source of surface water are called?

A water source that is under pressure greater than the atmosphere and will rise above the level of its upper confining surface when given the opportunity is called?

The actual time in hours, minutes, seconds that a small amount of water is in a treatment basin or tank is called?

When is the drawdown of a well taken?

What is the following formula used to determine?

The process by which water becomes a gas is called?

Water that contains contamination, objectionable pollutions, minerals, or infective agents and is considered unsafe for drinking is called?

When was the SDWA last amended?

The annual quantity of water that can be taken from a water source over a period of years without depleting the water source permanently is called?

The process of water vapor passing into the atmosphere from living plants is called?

Water that is at a desirable temperature, free from objectionable tastes and odors, looks good, and is pleasing to the senses is called?

Water that does not contain objectionable contamination, pollution, or infective agents is called?

The formation of separate layers of water in a lake or reservoir is called?

A detailed evaluation and/or inspection of a source of water supply and all its conveyances and appurtenances, storage and treatment facilities to ensure protection of the water system from all pollution is called?

When does destratification in reservoirs or lakes usually take place?

From what level is water usually drawn for treatment after it has stratified?

What is the turn over of a lake due to the equalization of temperatures throughout the layers called?

The portion of a body of water that extends from the shoreline to the limit of growth of rooted plants called?

What are reservoirs or lakes that are rich in nutrients called?

What method of treatment will remove a fishy odor from the water?

The development of vertical mixing within a lake or reservoir to eliminate separate layers of temperature, plant, or animal life is called?

The minimum odor of a water sample that can just be detected after successive dilutions with odorless water is the,

The addition of chlorine to water that has a medicinal odor will

Reservoirs and lakes, nutrient poor, containing little plant or aquatic life are called?

What happens to the water during daylight hours when there is an algal bloom?

When algae die off, bacteria that feed upon the algae use oxygen and can cause that may result in a fish kill.

A process in which organisms with the aid of chlorophyll, convert carbon dioxide and inorganic substances into oxygen and additional plant material, using sunlight for energy is known as?

What is the difference between organic matter and inorganic matter?

What chemical is used to control algal blooms?

What may interfere with the efficiency of copper sulfate?

What type of device is used when drawing water from a surface water source?

Good floc is observed forming in the flocculation basin. The size increases then later breaks up. What is the likely cause?

During a plant tour, a lot of floc is observed flowing over the laundering weirs. What is the probable cause?

In a jar test, the floc starts to settle before the mixers are stopped. What does this indicate?

If the condition in Question 182 occurs during actual plant processes what will happen?

What type of floc should form during coagulation

During a tour of the plant, you observe small and well dispersed floc entering the flocculation basin. What does this indicate?

In a jar test, what does it mean after the mixers are stopped and 80% of the floc has settled within fifteen minutes?

The water in the treatment unit has a milky or bluish tint. What is the probable cause?

The best coagulant dosage is one that produces finished water that meets drinking water standards and __________.

When troubleshooting plant treatment processes, you should,

During the winter months, you notice that the floc forms and settles slower. What is the most likely cause?

What steps should you take to improve the condition in Question 197

Question 197:

During the winter months, you notice that the floc forms and settles slower. What is the most likely cause?

In enhanced coagulation process, where is the acid added?

What is the most effective pH range for alum?

Coagulation is a ___________ and chemical reaction between the __________ and the water.

What is an advantage of returning sludge slurry in a contact unit?

In the V/V test, a __________ ml sample is taken from the _________ zone and allowed to settle for ___________?

In the direct filtration process, what step is omitted?

The release of dissolved oxygen in saturated cold water due to a decrease in pressure may cause what problem in the filter?

Operating a filter continuously with high head losses will cause?

What causes mudball formation in a filter?

What action must be taken to correct the problem in Question 207?

Question 207:

What causes mudball formation in a filter?

What is the fourth step in the backwash procedure?

What parameters are used to determine a filter backwash time?

What is the filtration rate for a slow sand filter?

What causes media boils?

What are the most important particle removal mechanisms in filtration?

If a filter has a design head loss of 8 feet, and the initial head loss is 1.5 ft., at what head loss should you backwash the filter?

If a 160 sq. ft. filter has a flow of 6 MGD, what is the filtration rate?

Why is a space left in the twirl bag when sampling for coliform?

What is the reason for adding sodium thiosulfate to the twirl bag?

What is the MCL for coliform?

How soon after sampling must the coliform test be taken?

When using __________ as a coagulant, up to 99% virus removal can be achieved.

What does chlorine look like?

How many pounds of chlorine can you withdraw from a cylinder in a 24-hour period?

How many fusible plugs does a ton cylinder have?

How many fusible plugs does a 100-pound cylinder have?

What type of wrench is recommended for opening a chlorine valve?

What should be done before moving a chlorine cylinder?

What is the most common cause of chlorine leaks?

What is the maximum recommended temperature for storing a cylinder?

A leak is detected in the bottom valve of a chlorine cylinder. What action should you take?

What chemical is used to detect a chlorine leak?

What is the melting point for fusible plugs?

When a person inhales chlorine, what is the recommended immediate treatment?

What kit is used to repair a leak in a ton cylinder?

If ammoniation is used, what is the minimum required combined residual in the distribution system?

What is considered the most accurate method for measuring chlorine residuals?

A customer complains of a swimming pool taste and odor in the drinking water. What is the most likely cause?

What is the maximum chlorine to ammonia-nitrogen ratio by weight?

What is the MCL for THM?

What affect do nitrates have on the chlorine demand?

Which two primary MCL standards pose an IDLH if in the drinking water?

A pH from 7.5 to 8.5, water temperature of 25°-30° C, and a free ammonia concentration can cause what condition in water?

What affect do nitrites have on chlorine demand?

An increase in heterotrophic plate count bacteria has been observed. What is a likely cause?

What does the "C" mean in "CT" value?

What is the reason for adding air to a lake or reservoir?

To what capacity are chlorine cylinders filled?

What percent of chlorine by volume in air will be fatal after a few breaths?

What is the IDLH level for chlorine?

Where is the supernatant from sludge dewatering sent?

What is the PEL for chlorine?

Which of the following is a method for removing iron from water?

What type of respirator is used for protection against chlorine gas?

When changing chlorine cylinders, how many people should be present?

What measurement is obtained from the application point to the point where the free chlorine residual is measured?

If the free chlorine residual is 2.5 ppm and the dosage is 6 ppm, what is the demand?

If the demand is 5 ppm and the residual is 2.0 ppm, what is the dosage?

A WTP produces 6.0 MGD with a chlorine dosage of 5 mg/L. How many pounds are used in 30 days?

A WTP uses 460 pounds of chlorine per day to treat 7.5 MGD. What is the dosage rate in ppm?

What will the rotameter setting be for Question 258?

Question 258:

A WTP uses 460 pounds of chlorine per day to treat 7.5 MGD. What is the dosage rate in ppm?

What is measured when you titrate a liquid with 0.02 N Sulfuric Acid to a pH of 4.5?

What is a ring shaped space located between two circular objects called?

What is used to measure the smoothness of the interior of a pipe?

The ___________ the C Factor, the _________the interior of the pipe.

An electrical system installed as protection against corrosion is called?

A substance composed of two or more elements whose composition is constant is called?

Corrosion caused by connecting two dissimilar metals is called?

The decomposition of material by chemical or electrochemical reaction is called?

A steel specimen inserted into water to measure the water's corrosiveness is called?

What chemical is used to detect a sulfur dioxide leak?

If the water has a sweet, aromatic odor, what may be used to eliminate the odor?

The exposure to certain odors over a period of time can cause?

Secondary drinking water regulations deal with,

Primary drinking water regulations deal with which of the following?

What will add longevity to WTP equipment?

The identification of each source of energy and rating them by load size, and prioritizing them to indicate their importance in the overall operational programs is called?

The decomposition of a material by an outside current is called?

The common boundary between two substances is called?

What is used to express the basic or acidic condition of water?

What do you call a sample portion of water that is nearly identical in content and consistency as possible to that of the larger body of water?

The development of small mounds of corrosion products inside iron pipe is called?

What is the electrical pressure available to cause a flow of current when the electric circuit is closed known as?

Water with high TDS, low pH, high temperature, and low softness is

What is the single most corrosive component of water?

What causes red water?

What are Crenothrix?

What substances in water can cause cancer?

What are disease causing substances called?

What type of corrosion is usually found in copper pipes?

During a marble test, adding the calcium hydroxide causes the pH, alkalinity, and hardness to increase. What does this indicate?

In membrane softening, what chemical is usually added to raise the pH?

Adding zinc phosphate to water stored in an open reservoir may cause

First draw samples taken from customers' kitchens are analyzed for what substances?

A water system is required to initiate a public information program and/or initiate dosing the water with phosphate and/or make alkalinity or pH adjustments when it?

A sample taken from a customer's tap that has not been used for a minimum of 6 hours or a maximum of 12 hours is called?

What is the action level for copper?

After adding calcium carbonate to a water sample during the marble test, the ph, alkalinity, and hardness drop. What does this indicate?

What happens in hot water heaters when the water is saturated with calcium carbonate?

Water with a negative L. I. will cause?

What type of corrosion is caused by a source that originates outside the plumbing or water system?

How often is a water system serving more than 10,000 people required to sample for THM?

What is the minimum number of samples required during the THM sample period?

What is the minimum amount of sample that is required to test for THM?

When drawing a sample for THM, you notice a bubble in the sample jar. What should you do?

How long can a THM ample be held before analysis?

How are THM reported on the MOR?

The THM sample jar contains sodium thiosulfate. What will you be testing for?

What is a common ion exchange media?

A type of backflow caused by negative pressure is called?

How long can iron samples that have not been acidified be held before being analyzed?

What is the most accurate method to test for iron and manganese?

What chemical when added to water will delay the precipitation of iron and manganese?

Fluoride is added to water to prevent which of the following?

What is the most common disposal method for water treatment sludge?

In ion exchange softening, what happens during the softening process when the source water contains iron & manganese?

What will breakdown ion exchange resin?

What are the 4 treatment stages in Ion Exchange softening?

What water treatment method is used to obtain zero hardness?

In the ion exchange process, what minerals are exchanged with the sodium ions?

When an ion exchange resin bed is saturated with calcium & magnesium, what mineral is used to regenerate the bed?

In what stage of the ion exchange process does the softening take place?

What is the minimum Cl₂ residual and detention time for the clear well (chlorine contact chamber)?

A RO plant treats 900,000 gallons of water a day. The monthly finished water production is 23 MGD. What is the recovery rate?

When collecting samples to test for potential THM, what must be added to the sample bottle?

When is the best time to schedule THM sampling and testing?

THM can be removed after formation by what process?

What is the MCL for THM?

What is a common option for controlling the formation of THM?

As the source water temperature and pH increase, THM formation?

What type of fire extinguisher is used to fight an electrical fire?

Who can enter a confined space that has tested positive for an explosive atmosphere to rescue a fallen worker?

What is the significance of this reaction:

What is the MDRL (Maximum Disinfectant Residual Level) for Chlorine Dioxide?

What valve is used to stop and start flows?

What is the flow-measuring device commonly used in a water plant that is known for its accuracy?

A totalizer is accurate if it provides a flow rate measurement within ___________ of actual flow.

When should a megger be used?

The storage tank is 10 feet wide and 20 feet deep. The operator ran a pump for 15 minutes to lower the water level 5 feet. How many gallons were removed?

The Utilities Dept. budgeted $9,000 for annual chemical purchases. They used 200 pounds of chlorine a day for the first 60 days of the budget year. The chlorine cost $0.19 per pound. How much money did they spend on chlorine?

In Question 338, what percentage of the budget was spent on chlorine?

When analyzing a 100 ml sample of water for alkalinity, it took 5 ml of 0.02 N sulfuric acid to reach a pH of 8.3 and 5 more ml of titrant to reach a pH of 4.5. What is the P alkalinity?

Using the information in Question 340, calculate the total alkalinity?

Which of the following is considered a catalyst for the onset of corrosion?

What is the primary advantage of vacuum-controlled chlorinators?

Why is nitric acid added to samples collected for iron and manganese analysis?

Calculate the Soda Ash (Na2C03) demand in mg/L for a water treatment plant with the following conditions.

A filter has a sudden increase in head loss. Media surface sealing is suspected. What action should be taken?

When chlorine is added to water, it is a more efficient disinfectant when the pH is lower and a greater percentage of _________is present?

The term flash mix is associated with which of the following processes?

Disinfection is best accomplished when what conditions exist?

You are working with a solution with a 15% chemical strength. How many pounds of chemical are in this solution?

The plant flow is 7.5 MGD. The treatment unit is 70' long, 20' wide, and 10' deep. What is the detention time in minutes?

Five pounds of HTH are added to 100 gallons of water for disinfection. 80 gal. of the solution were used. How many ponds of chlorine were actually used?

What treatment method should be used for raw water with the following analysis?

Taste and odor problems required super chlorination in plant. How would you dechlorinate before sending the water to distribution?

Which of these terms best describes electrolysis?

Convert 250 mg/L. of total hardness to grains per gallon?

Convert 35 gpg to mg/L of total hardness.

The pressure gauge on the chlorine cylinder reads 90#s, and the chlorinator gauge reads 10#s. The chlorine residual is dropping. What is the most likely cause?

For Question 359, what action is needed to correct the problem?

Question 359:

The pressure gauge on the chlorine cylinder reads 90#s, and the chlorinator gauge reads 10#s. The chlorine residual is dropping. What is the most likely cause?

When installing a pipe fitting that will change direction of flow, what is the proper installation method?

How long must water plant operation records be kept on site?

What is usually indicated when at sample point "A" in a water main a high DO reading is obtained, and at sample point "B" downstream the DO reading is substantially lower?

When is THM formation more likely to occur?

With what material is hydrochloric acid highly reactive?

Sand drying beds are similar in construction to?

Calculate the Langelier Index where the pH=8.8, and the pHs is 8.3.

In Question 367, what is the water condition?

Question 367:

Calculate the Langelier Index where the pH=8.8, and the pHs is 8.3.

What do we call a detailed description of all underground features discovered during well drilling?

What information is needed to calculate the pHs for the Langelier Index?

What process is commonly used to remove volatile organics from water?

How often must a water system test for radionuclides?

Calculate the amount of water needed to backwash a 360 sq. ft. filter at 9,000 gpm. The backwash duration is 8 minutes.

In January, a 6 ppm Cl₂ dosage produced a 2.0 ppm residual. In July, an 8 ppm dosage produced a 1.5 residual. What is the most likely cause for the lower Cl₂ residual?

Why is recarbonation necessary when lime softening is used to reduce excessive hydroxide hardness?

In hot water systems, scaling is a problem because __________ is less soluble in hot H₂O than it is in cold H₂O.

What is the primary purpose of filters in a WTP?

A WTP meets or exceeds all treatment parameters. It has started to receive customer complaints concerning red water in the distribution system. Polyphosphate is being used in the treatment process. What is most likely causing the red water?

A well pump is rated at 600 gpm at 85% efficiency. The well is 15' long, 12' wide, and 10' deep. If the pump takes 10 minutes to lower the well 5 feet, does it pump higher or lower than rated?

What will happen if the recirculation rate for a solid contact unit is too high?

If a water sample tests positive for coliform, what action must be taken by the water system?

Many samples for MCL compliance are taken in the distribution system. Which sample is taken where the water enters the distribution system?

When taking a hardness test, the titration should be completed within 5 min. An inhibitor reagent should be used when metal ion interference causes an indistinct end point, and

To control THM formation, alternate disinfectants are used including ozone, chlorine dioxide, and

What do RO plants add to the feed water to insure membrane longevity and slow down hydrolysis?

The recovery rate of a membrane softening plant is limited by what two factors?

Media loss is caused by a high backwash rate and air bubbles caused by

When the alum dosage is decreased, the lime dosage may

What will happen if the brine valve in an RO unit is fully closed?

The plant operator is having difficulty maintaining the sludge blanket in the solids contact unit. What action is needed?

How often must the standby generator be operated?

The sludge blanket is too low. What should you do to raise the blanket level?

A WTP is receiving customer complaints concerning milky water. What is a likely cause?

What chemical is used to clean a hypochlorinator poppet valve?

Who is responsible for accident investigation and written safety procedures in the work place?

When backwashing an air bound filter, what procedure should you follow?

When the chlorinator is set at a high feed rate, chlorine feed/dosage is good. When the rate is lowered, chlorine will not feed properly. What is the likely cause?

When alum is used as a thickener, what is used to precoat a filter belt?

Noncarbonate hardness is also called?

What is the correct method to determine the hydroxide alkalinity in the lime softening process?

What does it indicate when the L.I. is 0, and the Driving Force Index is 1?

Which of these compounds are most commonly used to fluoridate drinking water?

The WTP has a flow of 4.6 MGD. The raw water contains 0.2 mg/L of fluoride. The desired finished fluoride content is 0.85 mg/L. How many pounds of 100% fluoride is needed per day?

H₂SiF6 is the chemical name for which fluoride compound?

A saturator used with sodium fluoride will have severe scaling if the water hardness is above which of the following?

Water that has hardness in excess of must be softened in order to prepare a sodium fluoride solution.

What is usually one of the first symptoms when fluoride is inhaled?

What is usually one of the first symptoms from swallowing fluoride?

If the TA is 160 and the PA is 84, what is the hydroxide alkalinity? (2P-T)

Which of the following is the correct procedure to follow 24 hours after notification of a positive coliform sample?

411. Determine break point chlorination point using the following chlorine analyses.

What is the minimum amount of sample volume used in coliform tests?

When collecting samples for coliform, which of the following steps is not correct?

In order to meet system demand for water, clear wells and storage tanks should?

Conservation of energy includes matching motors to their loads. Generally,______ motors should be loaded nearer their capacity than _______ motors.

The scheduling of electrically powered treatment equipment to minimize peak electric demands is called?

The WTP source water has high turbidity. How will this affect the treatment process?

What is the flow rate in gallons per minute of an 8" pipe that has a velocity of 3.5 FPS and 70 psi?

What is one function of clear wells?

Which of the following will cause shortened filter runs?

Why is it important to have low water turbidity?

What is the function of a rotameter?

What does this reaction indicate: H₂S+ 4 Cl₂ + 4 H₂O→ H₂SO₄ + 8 HCl

What is required for public notification of Primary Standards MCL violation?

How is the aeration of water accomplished?

What is the final step for removal of suspended solids?

A lime softening plant is having trouble with slow floc formation. What is the most cost effective way to correct the problem?

Which one of the following conditions will lead to a smaller number of THMS forming?

A surface WTP has a medicinal taste in its finished water. What is the most likely cause?

Volatile organics are commonly removed by?

A chlorinator is experiencing low chlorine feed rate with the rate valve open. The injector vacuum is low but increases when the rate valve is shut. What is the probable cause?

High concentration of hypochlorous acid is found in water with a pH of?

A WTP using the lime softening process has a finished water hardness of 82 mg/L and a +0.5 L.I. What does this indicate?

The oxidation of iron to form insoluble ferric hydroxide can be increased by?

If the Heterotrophic Plate Count is less than ________ than the sample is considered to have the equivalence to a detectable disinfectant level.

What is the first step taken to determine the cause of a taste or odor problem in the distribution system?

Which of the following methods is used to determine the optimum coagulant dosage?

Lower water temperatures in the treatment unit can cause?

Which of the following are considered water-borne diseases?

What is a common cause of temporary cloudiness in a water sample taken from kitchen tap?

Generally, the detention time in a conventional sedimentation basin is?

Water with high amounts of DO is?

A WTP using a 10% sodium hypochlorite solution switches to a 5% solution. What change must they make to insure adequate disinfection?

To remove magnesium, a WTP is using excess lime and recarbonation. What method can you recommend to lower their treatment costs and maintain the water quality?

A treatment plant using greensand filtration is receiving complaints of red water? What can you recommend to resolve the problem?

In membrane softening, concentration polarization leads to an increasing tendency for precipitation of sparingly soluble salts and?

Which of the following can be used to increase the recovery rate of an RO plant?

Groundwater systems using free chlorine as a disinfectant are required to provide a minimum of _____________ minutes contact time at ____________ flow.

The solution feeder has a maximum output of 30 gph. The rate control scale reads in percentage. What should the feeder be set at to feed 10 gph?

Express 20° C as Fahrenheit.

Pumping from a well at a rate exceeding the rate of replacement leads to what condition?

A vent on the well casing allows?

In order to prevent damage from water hammer, hydropneumatic tanks should have?

A RO plant produces 0.880 MGD with a feed flow of 740 gpm. What is the percent recovery?

What is a probable source of gasoline or chemical taste and odor complaints?

Why is sodium thiosulfate added to a coliform sample bag?

How long can samples be held before testing for chlorine residual?

Who is responsible for plant operations regardless of the size or process method?

What information is needed to determine the amount of alkalinity to add for proper coagulation?

When a well has been cleaned and pumped until all traces of disinfectant are gone, bacteriological samples must be taken for how many consecutive days?

To prepare a solution, 9.5004 grams of chemical must be diluted to 1,000 ml. with distilled water, but only 6. 2004 grams are available. How many ml. of distilled water must be used to obtain the desired solution strength?

When must a WTP submit the results of fluoride split analysis sampling to the HRS State Dental Office?

How many grams per liter of NaOCI are in a 0.20 M solution?

What is the maximum holding time for turbidity samples?

When collecting iron samples, what chemical is added as a preservative?

A WTP is having difficulty maintaining a sludge blanket. What action must be taken?

Gaseous chlorine is being withdrawn at a rate faster than liquid can be evaporated. What is likely to happen?

When backwashing a filter, how do you determine when the filter is clean?

A positive L. I. will _______________the rate of____________?

What process methods are used to reduce the volume of sludge?

How is water removed from a sand drying bed?

Accurate maps of the distribution system are necessary in order to?

Which FAC Chapter addresses drinking water standards, monitoring, and reporting?

In an RO plant, what causes lower than normal water production and higher than normal salt rejection.

What action is needed to correct the problem in Question 488?

Question 488:

In an RO plant, what causes lower than normal water production and higher than normal salt rejection.

What best describes a toxic substance?

How can you improve sedimentation?

What are the three types of solids?

What is the main purpose of flocculation?

What is another name for calcium oxide?

The quantity of water that air will hold without condensing is determined by?

What is the anion that is found in high concentrations in natural waters?

When coliform appear in 3 of the 5 ten mL portions of a single standard sample, what action is required?

Concentrations of nitrite greater than 1 mg/L may cause, __________ in infants?

Community water systems with surface water as a supply source must analyze for inorganic chemicals?

If alpha emitters are absent, a water supply may be acceptable if the gross beta does not exceed?

Drinking water with high levels of silver may cause?

After adding a new chlorine cylinder, the pressure gauge and rotameter read zero. You switch to another tank with the same results. What's the most likely cause?

What is the best chemical to use to dechlorinate a large amount of water?

What method can be used to determine the disinfecting power of chlorine?

If a licensed operator is found guilty of gross negligence, FDEP can ___________ the operator's license?

In addition to the penalty prescribed in Question 505, FDEP may hold the operator liable for __________ and ____________ penalties.

What is the best way to control chemical dosages in a treatment plant?

Which of the following is a physical characteristic of water?

What is the most likely source of water with a hardness of 200-300 mg/L as CaCO₂?

What is a disadvantage of removing noncarbonate hardness?

By _________ the speed of the recirculation device, in an upflow solids contact unit, a ___________ amount of slurry can be retained in the unit?

What is the highest possible turbidity reduction expected when operating a filtration process under optimum conditions?

Which of the following conditions are conducive to triggering algal blooms?

The funnel shaped volume within the radius of influence is called the __________and for an aquifer this represents that part of the aquifer, which is being dewatered.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the cascade type aerators?

Which of the following conditions would not be a cause for a pump's electric motor failure to start?

Before starting any water lubricated pump, an operator should make sure that

A hypochlorite solution is being prepared in a 100-gallon tank. If you add 20 gallons of 5% NaOCl to the tank, how much water should be added to the tank to get a 1.5% hypochlorite solution?

What is the average velocity in an 8" pipe if the flow is 500 GPM?

Well water with an iron concentration of 2.45 mg/L is aerated. After aeration the iron concentration is 0.35 mg/Land the manganese concentration is 0.60 mg/L. Calculate the KMnO4 dosage needed to remove the iron and manganese.

The ion exchange unit is treating 2.0 MGD with a hardness of 225 mg/L. The desired finished water hardness is 6.0 gpg How many gallons must be bypassed?

What is the static water level of a well?

WTP bacteriological records must be kept for how many years

What do you call the effluent/supernatant from a centrifuge?

Which of the following material is a source of lead in drinking water?

Water supplies with high levels of __________ may produce laxative effects.

R.O. membrane fouling can be caused by?

In January, a WTP is having trouble feeding Cl2. The Cl2 building is heated, but the lines going to the Cl, point are not heated. What is causing the problem?

When must the MOR be submitted?

When sludge is allowed to accumulate too long in a solids-contact unit, ___________decreases.

Water treatment using solids-contact units requires?

Controlling organic loading and taste and odor problems within a reservoir may reduce or eliminate?

THM precursors are?

The variable vacuum control on the chlorinator won't feed at maximum rate. Gas pressure and CPRV are good. What is the problem?

When treating very cold water, what change must be considered?

One of the first warnings a water system has of a possible cross connection contamination is complaint of taste or odor like?

The finished water from an ion exchange unit has a salty taste to it. What is the likely cause?

In a properly operating ion exchange treatment system, the finished water

The indicators used in the alkalinity titration change color according to changes in?

Iron and manganese react with ___________ to form insoluble compounds.

When using aeration, the rate of iron oxidation to form insoluble ferric hydroxide can be increased by?

If 3.5 mL of titrant are used to reach the total alkalinity end point for a 100 ml. sample, what is the total alkalinity?

The water has a marshy or woody odor. What is a likely cause?

What action must be taken to verify cause?

What is the solution to the problem?

Velocity sensing devices measure flow by sensing

Apparent color is removed by?

True color is usually removed by?

What standards regulate the amount of fluoride in water?

When making a determination on water production for a specific day, the amount treated in comparison to the previous day may be decreased if?

A shorthand name for a chemical element is?

Oxygen bound up in sulfate compounds may serve as a oxygen source for?

At what pH is the calcium precipitate formed?

The magnesium precipitate is formed at which pH?

Calcium bicarbonate reacts with lime and will precipitate out?

Noncarbonate hardness is caused by?

Where is the sanitary seal located for a raw water well?

If finished water has a pH of 8.2 and has high levels of CO2 and DO, the water is?

Which treatment method will be best for water with a hardness of 360 mg/L, 100 CU's, 3.0 mg/L TOC, and a 6 NTU turbidity?

The first step in the lime softening process is the?

The minerals that cause hardness in water are precipitated out as?

Water that contains 220 mg/L of hardness, 100 color units, and 2 NTUS turbidity is best treated by the _____________process.

.A solution is acidic if there are more,__________ than __________.

The WTP with a hydropneumatic tank is receiving calls concerning air bubbles in the waterlines. What action needs to be taken?

What is the probable cause for the problem in the preceding question?

What is the best corrective action?

Coagulants generally used in water treatment process release?

WTP operators are primarily concerned with particles in water that carry a___?

Which of the following conditions tend to increase corrosion?

The optimum pH range for ferric sulfate usage is?

Properly coagulated water shows?

A positive mineral ion found in high concentration in deep well water that can cause hard boiler scaling is?

Water with a TDS concentration of 1500 mg/L may be classified as?

How far apart should fire hydrants be in residential areas?

Dry fire hydrants have their operating valve where?

Fire hydrants in commercial zoned areas should not be more than?

Main line valves should be, _______ apart

Water plant records must be kept on site for __________ years

WTP MORS must be kept on site for __________ years

The ratio of permeate to feed flow in RO treatment is __________ percent

Which of the following is an indication that the backwash rates are too low?

All chlorinators used for metering gaseous chlorine into water operate basically as?

The physical and chemical change that occurs between a coagulant and alkaline compounds in water to form an incipient floc is called?

The positive electrode where corrosion takes places is called?

Hypochlorites tend to?

A glass tube partially filed with liquid that measures gas pressure is called?

The maximum Cl2 concentration that a person may be safely exposed to for one hour is?

The available chlorine in HTH is the?

What does HTH stand for?

Wards and certain employees of the state may be exempted from?

Flow recorders in a water plant record?

A sample collected for pH measurement should be?

What is an advantage of using a DO probe and meter?

Besides a DO meter, what other method can you use to measure DO?

Troubleshooting is a technique for?

Oxygen transfer rate is dependent on?

Sludge collection devices should move?

Using the following information gathered through chemical analysis of various water sources, select the best method of treatment.

pH 6.6
TH 244 mg/L Color 180 CUS
Iron 0.10 mg/L
Chlorides 10

Using the following information gathered through chemical analysis of various water sources, select the best method of treatment.

pH 7.2
TH 623
Color 8
Iron 0.4
Chlorides 62

Using the following information gathered through chemical analysis of various water sources, select the best method of treatment.

pH 7.7 TH 10
TA 14 Color 5
Iron 1.0

Using the following information gathered through chemical analysis of various water sources, select the best method of treatment.

pH 8.1 TH 660
TA 420
Color 45
Chlorides 430

When sulfur dioxide in the gaseous form comes into contact with the mucous membranes of the body, ______________ is formed?

What is the MCL for Haloacetic Acids (HAAS)

For systems using ozone, what is the MCL for bromate?

What is the minimum monitoring frequency for ground water systems serving less than 10,000 people?

At what location in the distribution system should the TTHM/HAAS samples be taken?

At what location in the distribution system should the chlorine residual samples be taken?

If you grab more TTHM/HAAS samples than the minimum required, which of the following is true?

Which quarter does DEP consider acceptable for the month of warmest temperature?

What sample is taken at a point that represents the longest residence time?

For water systems monitoring TTHM/HAAS annually, if the routine sample exceeds the MCL, what are they required to do?

When the TTHM/HAA5 samples are taken, what other test is taken?

When sampling for coliform, if the sample point is suspected of being contaminated, and a new sample point is not available, what must be done?

Compliance with TTHM/HAAS MCLs is based on?

A public water system must submit a Consumer Confidence Report by?

Loss of water flow per membrane over time due to compaction plus fouling is called?

Cleaning of the elements in an RO plant should be scheduled at _________ to ensure as ______________ an operating pressure as possible.

The membranes in an RO plant should be cleaned when the psi required to maintain the rated capacity has increased by _____________%

What is the purpose of cartridge filters in an RO plant?

Which of the following occurs when an excessive amount of fluoride is added to water?

When sludge is squeezing out the sides of a filter press, what action has to be taken?

he lead operator at the WTP wants to add 2' of water to a tank that is 18" deep and 100' wide. How many gallons will he add?

A single sample of water that is collected at a particular time and place that represents the composition of the water only at that time and place is called?

A portion of a sample that is often an equally divided portion of a sample is called?

The most common accidents that occur in water treatment plants are?

The RO WTP treats 10.0 MGD. The feed water contains 1500 mg/L TDS, and the permeate has 200 mg/L TDS. The membranes are in the "Christmas Tree" configuration. What is the recovery percent for this plant?