autoimmune disorder
the immune system attacks the body's own tissues
-often genetic + environmental triggers
auto inflammatory diseases
dysregulation of the innate immune system causing recurrent, inflammation and fever
-usually genetic
signs and symptoms for autoimmune disorders
can be vague and occur over years
assigned considerations for immunocompromised
make sure ill coworkers are not assigned to acre for immunocompromised patients
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic autoimmune disease-causing inflammation and tissue damage
(forms): discoid-skin; systemic-multi-organ; drug-induced (usually reversible)
systemic lupus erythematosus
exposure/triggers
sun exposure and certain medications, such as oral contraceptives, sulfas, and PCN, may cause a flare-up
triggers include:
stress, smoking, certain medications
SLE s/s
- joint pain and swelling
- fatigue (hallmark)
- fever
- malar
- photosensitivity
- alopecia
- oral ulcers
- weight loss
- lymphadenopathy
- edema
autoimmune and auto inflammatory
S/S
fatigue
fever
joint pain
swelling
GI symptoms
Lymph node enlargement
diagnosis criteria
for SLE
- Clinical symptoms
- autoantibodiess
- organ involvement
Hodgkins lymphoma
cancer of the lymphatic system originating in lymphocytes
presence of Hodgkins lymphoma- reed Sternberg cells
non Hodgkins inclsue
B-CELL AND T-CELL types
lymphoma
classifications and staging of these two diseases relies heavily on microscopic examination of tissues and diagnostic studies
Hodgkins lymphoma etiology.
causes- unknown
bimodal age distribution (young adults and >55)
risk factors: Epstein Barr virus, genetic susceptibly, and immune suppression
Hodgkins lymphoma pathoohsyiology
painless enlarged lymph nodes (neck, mediastinum)
spread through lymphatic system
systemic B symtoms- fever, night sweats, weight loss, and pruitus
remission
disease is under control
relapse
reappearance of cancer/abnormal cells
non-hodgkins lymphoma
etiology and pathophysiology
- seventh most common cancer in men and women
- incidence is higher in men than women
- less predictable and tends to spread to other body sites much more rapidly than HL.
non- Hodgkins lymphoma
S/S
painless lymph node enlargement
- systemic symtoms (fever, night swears, weight loss)
- organ involvement( GI, bone marrow, CNS)
lymphedema
lymphatic obstruction--> fluid accumulation--> swelling
common causes lymphedema
- lymph node removal (cancer surgery)
- radiation therapy
- trauma
- infection (filarias in endemic regions)
primary lymphedema
inherited form due to a congenital condition in which there is deficient growth of the lymphatic system, especially in lower extremity
secondary lymphedema
acquired form due to an obstruction cause by trauma to the lymph vessels and nodes- most common form
secondary lymphedema symptoms
patients may present with a variety of symptoms, including restricted range of motion; heavy feeling; aching discomfort; recurrent infections; and thick, hard skin
treatment for secondary lymphedema
compression bandaging, elevation, compression garments, exercise, skin care, injury prevention
NO CURE-LIFELONG MANAGEMENT
Fibromyalgia
chronic pain disorder with central pain sensitization not inflammatory or autoimmune
-more common in women aged 20-50
fibromyalgia
hyperalgesia
heightened response to painful stimuli
fibromyalgia
allodynia
pain response to non painful stimuli
fibromyalgia
symptoms
- tension or migraine headaches
- jaw and facial tenderness
- insomnia or waking up feeling just attired as when you went to sleep
- vertigo
- anxiety / depressio n
Allergy and Hypersensitivity Reactions
Allergy – an abnormal response to certain substances.
Hypersensitivity Reaction – the body’s excessive response to a normally harmless substance. Is also an allergic reaction.
Anaphylaxis – an extreme allergic reaction that is life threatening.
Mast cells- Release chemical mediators such as histamine into connective tissue
Allergy and Hypersensitivity: Signs and Symptoms
Itchy, red, watery eyes
Soft palate pruritus
Clear rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Erythema
Edema
Dyspnea and wheezing
Four Broad Categories of Allergens
contactants
Direct contact with mucosa, skin or tissue (dust, soaps, lotions)
Four Broad Categories of Allergens
ingestants
Swallowed (foods, drugs)
Four Broad Categories of Allergens
inhalants
entry through the nose or mouth
Four Broad Categories of Allergens
injectables
Via needles, snake bites, insect bites and or stings, meds, vaccines, venoms.
Primary Allergic Conditions
Anaphylaxis
Angioedema
Asthma
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Food allergy or intolerance
Perennial allergic rhinitis or sinusitis
Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever)
Urticaria