1. What is the genetic material inside a virus called?
DNA or RNA
2. What structure surrounds the genetic material of a virus?
Capsid
3. Can viruses reproduce on their own?
No
4. What must a virus enter to reproduce?
A host cell
5. What process do bacteria use to reproduce?
Binary fission
6. What type of cells are bacteria?
Prokaryotic cells
7. Do bacteria have a nucleus?
No
8. What structure helps some bacteria move?
Flagella
9. What are bacteria that make their own food called?
Autotrophs
10. What are bacteria that consume other organisms called?
Heterotrophs
11. Name one helpful role of bacteria.
Decomposing waste
12. Name one harmful role of bacteria.
Causing disease
13. What kingdom includes algae and protozoans?
Protists
14. What are animal-like protists called?
Protozoans
15. What are plant-like protists called?
Algae
16. What structure helps protists remove excess water?
Contractile vacuole
17. What structure allows some protists to move like a tail?
Flagellum
18. What structure allows some protists to move with tiny hairs?
Cilia
19. What process do many protists use to reproduce?
Binary fission
20. What is the first step in binary fission?
DNA copies itself
21. What is the last step in binary fission?
Two identical cells form
22. What process allows plant-like protists to make food?
Photosynthesis
23. What is camouflage?
Blending into surroundings
24. What is mimicry?
Looking like another organism
25. What is the main purpose of adaptations?
Survival and reproduction
26. What are behaviors organisms are born knowing called?
Innate behaviors
27. What adaptation helps predators catch prey?
Sharp claws
28. What adaptation helps animals hide from predators?
Camouflage
29. What scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
30. What is natural selection?
Survival of organisms best suited to the environment
31. What happens to organisms that are not suited to their environment?
They may die or become extinct
32. What is extinction?
When all members of a species die out
33. What evidence shows how organisms changed over time?
Fossils
34. What is a fossil?
Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms
35. What is the fossil record?
The complete record of past life shown by fossils
36. What type of fossil is formed when minerals replace tissues?
Petrified fossil
37. What type of fossil shows footprints or burrows?
Trace fossil
38. What type of fossil forms when an organism leaves an impression?
Mold fossil
39. What forms when a mold fills with minerals?
Cast fossil
40. What kind of fossils are useful for dating rock layers?
Index fossils
41. What are two characteristics of index fossils?
Widespread and lived for a short time
42. What law states older rock layers are below younger layers?
Law of Superposition
43. In undisturbed rock layers, where are the oldest rocks found?
On the bottom
44. What does crosscutting relationships mean?
A fault or intrusion is younger than the rock it cuts through
45. What is the largest division of geologic time?
Eon
46. What comes after an eon?
Era
47. What comes after an era?
Period
48. What comes after a period?
Epoch
49. Which lasted the longest, an era or an eon?
Eon
50. What is the current era?
Cenozoic Era
51. What is the current period?
Quaternary Period
52. What is the current epoch?
Holocene Epoch
53. What era is known as the “Age of Reptiles”?
Mesozoic Era
54. What era is known as the “Age of Mammals”?
Cenozoic Era
55. During what era did fish first appear?
Paleozoic Era
56. During what era did reptiles first appear?
Paleozoic Era
57. During what era did mammals first appear?
Mesozoic Era
58. What evidence supports the asteroid extinction theory?
Iridium layer and crater evidence
59. What caused the extinction of many dinosaurs according to scientists?
Asteroid impact
60. What is heredity?
Passing traits from parents to offspring
61. What is a gene?
A section of DNA that controls a trait
62. What are different forms of a gene called?
Alleles
63. What allele always shows when present?
Dominant allele
64. What allele is hidden unless two are present?
Recessive allele
65. What is genotype?
Genetic makeup
66. What is phenotype?
Physical appearance
67. Which genotype is homozygous dominant?
TT
68. Which genotype is heterozygous?
Tt
69. Which genotype is homozygous recessive?
tt
70. In a Punnett square, what does each box represent?
A possible offspring genotype
71. What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
72. What carries genetic information in cells?
DNA
73. What is the correct order from smallest to largest?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
74. What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together
75. What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together
76. What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together
77. What are inherited traits?
Traits passed from parents
78. What are genetic variations?
Differences among individuals of the same species
79. Are genetic variations always helpful?
No
80. What adaptation helps a porcupine survive?
Sharp quills
81. What adaptation helps a polar bear survive in snow?
White fur
82. What adaptation helps ducks swim?
Webbed feet
83. What is the purpose of thick fur in arctic animals?
Staying warm
84. What is an example of innate behavior?
Bird migration
85. What does an autotroph produce?
Its own food
86. What does a heterotroph consume?
Other organisms
87. What is photosynthesis?
The process plants use to make food using sunlight
88. What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
89. What gas do plants release during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
90. What plant structure absorbs water?
Roots
91. What plant structure transports water and nutrients?
Stem
92. What plant structure carries out most photosynthesis?
Leaves
93. What are animals that cannot make their own food called?
Consumers
94. What animals have backbones?
Vertebrates
95. What animals do not have backbones?
Invertebrates
96. What is evolution?
Change in species over time
97. What causes natural selection to occur?
Environmental pressures
98. What usually survives in natural selection?
Organisms with helpful adaptations
99. What is the geologic time scale?
The record of major events and diversity of life through time
100. What are the geologic eras from oldest to youngest?
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic