front 1 1. What is the genetic material inside a virus called? | back 1 DNA or RNA |
front 2 2. What structure surrounds the genetic material of a virus? | back 2 Capsid |
front 3 3. Can viruses reproduce on their own? | back 3 No |
front 4 4. What must a virus enter to reproduce? | back 4 A host cell |
front 5 5. What process do bacteria use to reproduce? | back 5 Binary fission |
front 6 6. What type of cells are bacteria? | back 6 Prokaryotic cells |
front 7 7. Do bacteria have a nucleus? | back 7 No |
front 8 8. What structure helps some bacteria move? | back 8 Flagella |
front 9 9. What are bacteria that make their own food called? | back 9 Autotrophs |
front 10 10. What are bacteria that consume other organisms called? | back 10 Heterotrophs |
front 11 11. Name one helpful role of bacteria. | back 11 Decomposing waste |
front 12 12. Name one harmful role of bacteria. | back 12 Causing disease |
front 13 13. What kingdom includes algae and protozoans? | back 13 Protists |
front 14 14. What are animal-like protists called? | back 14 Protozoans |
front 15 15. What are plant-like protists called? | back 15 Algae |
front 16 16. What structure helps protists remove excess water? | back 16 Contractile vacuole |
front 17 17. What structure allows some protists to move like a tail? | back 17 Flagellum |
front 18 18. What structure allows some protists to move with tiny hairs? | back 18 Cilia |
front 19 19. What process do many protists use to reproduce? | back 19 Binary fission |
front 20 20. What is the first step in binary fission? | back 20 DNA copies itself |
front 21 21. What is the last step in binary fission? | back 21 Two identical cells form |
front 22 22. What process allows plant-like protists to make food? | back 22 Photosynthesis |
front 23 23. What is camouflage? | back 23 Blending into surroundings |
front 24 24. What is mimicry? | back 24 Looking like another organism |
front 25 25. What is the main purpose of adaptations? | back 25 Survival and reproduction |
front 26 26. What are behaviors organisms are born knowing called? | back 26 Innate behaviors |
front 27 27. What adaptation helps predators catch prey? | back 27 Sharp claws |
front 28 28. What adaptation helps animals hide from predators? | back 28 Camouflage |
front 29 29. What scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection? | back 29 Charles Darwin |
front 30 30. What is natural selection? | back 30 Survival of organisms best suited to the environment |
front 31 31. What happens to organisms that are not suited to their environment? | back 31 They may die or become extinct |
front 32 32. What is extinction? | back 32 When all members of a species die out |
front 33 33. What evidence shows how organisms changed over time? | back 33 Fossils |
front 34 34. What is a fossil? | back 34 Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms |
front 35 35. What is the fossil record? | back 35 The complete record of past life shown by fossils |
front 36 36. What type of fossil is formed when minerals replace tissues? | back 36 Petrified fossil |
front 37 37. What type of fossil shows footprints or burrows? | back 37 Trace fossil |
front 38 38. What type of fossil forms when an organism leaves an impression? | back 38 Mold fossil |
front 39 39. What forms when a mold fills with minerals? | back 39 Cast fossil |
front 40 40. What kind of fossils are useful for dating rock layers? | back 40 Index fossils |
front 41 41. What are two characteristics of index fossils? | back 41 Widespread and lived for a short time |
front 42 42. What law states older rock layers are below younger layers? | back 42 Law of Superposition |
front 43 43. In undisturbed rock layers, where are the oldest rocks found? | back 43 On the bottom |
front 44 44. What does crosscutting relationships mean? | back 44 A fault or intrusion is younger than the rock it cuts through |
front 45 45. What is the largest division of geologic time? | back 45 Eon |
front 46 46. What comes after an eon? | back 46 Era |
front 47 47. What comes after an era? | back 47 Period |
front 48 48. What comes after a period? | back 48 Epoch |
front 49 49. Which lasted the longest, an era or an eon? | back 49 Eon |
front 50 50. What is the current era? | back 50 Cenozoic Era |
front 51 51. What is the current period? | back 51 Quaternary Period |
front 52 52. What is the current epoch? | back 52 Holocene Epoch |
front 53 53. What era is known as the “Age of Reptiles”? | back 53 Mesozoic Era |
front 54 54. What era is known as the “Age of Mammals”? | back 54 Cenozoic Era |
front 55 55. During what era did fish first appear? | back 55 Paleozoic Era |
front 56 56. During what era did reptiles first appear? | back 56 Paleozoic Era |
front 57 57. During what era did mammals first appear? | back 57 Mesozoic Era |
front 58 58. What evidence supports the asteroid extinction theory? | back 58 Iridium layer and crater evidence |
front 59 59. What caused the extinction of many dinosaurs according to scientists? | back 59 Asteroid impact |
front 60 60. What is heredity? | back 60 Passing traits from parents to offspring |
front 61 61. What is a gene? | back 61 A section of DNA that controls a trait |
front 62 62. What are different forms of a gene called? | back 62 Alleles |
front 63 63. What allele always shows when present? | back 63 Dominant allele |
front 64 64. What allele is hidden unless two are present? | back 64 Recessive allele |
front 65 65. What is genotype? | back 65 Genetic makeup |
front 66 66. What is phenotype? | back 66 Physical appearance |
front 67 67. Which genotype is homozygous dominant? | back 67 TT |
front 68 68. Which genotype is heterozygous? | back 68 Tt |
front 69 69. Which genotype is homozygous recessive? | back 69 tt |
front 70 70. In a Punnett square, what does each box represent? | back 70 A possible offspring genotype |
front 71 71. What does DNA stand for? | back 71 Deoxyribonucleic acid |
front 72 72. What carries genetic information in cells? | back 72 DNA |
front 73 73. What is the correct order from smallest to largest? | back 73 Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
front 74 74. What is a tissue? | back 74 A group of similar cells working together |
front 75 75. What is an organ? | back 75 A group of tissues working together |
front 76 76. What is an organ system? | back 76 A group of organs working together |
front 77 77. What are inherited traits? | back 77 Traits passed from parents |
front 78 78. What are genetic variations? | back 78 Differences among individuals of the same species |
front 79 79. Are genetic variations always helpful? | back 79 No |
front 80 80. What adaptation helps a porcupine survive? | back 80 Sharp quills |
front 81 81. What adaptation helps a polar bear survive in snow? | back 81 White fur |
front 82 82. What adaptation helps ducks swim? | back 82 Webbed feet |
front 83 83. What is the purpose of thick fur in arctic animals? | back 83 Staying warm |
front 84 84. What is an example of innate behavior? | back 84 Bird migration |
front 85 85. What does an autotroph produce? | back 85 Its own food |
front 86 86. What does a heterotroph consume? | back 86 Other organisms |
front 87 87. What is photosynthesis? | back 87 The process plants use to make food using sunlight |
front 88 88. What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis? | back 88 Carbon dioxide |
front 89 89. What gas do plants release during photosynthesis? | back 89 Oxygen |
front 90 90. What plant structure absorbs water? | back 90 Roots |
front 91 91. What plant structure transports water and nutrients? | back 91 Stem |
front 92 92. What plant structure carries out most photosynthesis? | back 92 Leaves |
front 93 93. What are animals that cannot make their own food called? | back 93 Consumers |
front 94 94. What animals have backbones? | back 94 Vertebrates |
front 95 95. What animals do not have backbones? | back 95 Invertebrates |
front 96 96. What is evolution? | back 96 Change in species over time |
front 97 97. What causes natural selection to occur? | back 97 Environmental pressures |
front 98 98. What usually survives in natural selection? | back 98 Organisms with helpful adaptations |
front 99 99. What is the geologic time scale? | back 99 The record of major events and diversity of life through time |
front 100 100. What are the geologic eras from oldest to youngest? | back 100 Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic |