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Science Advanced 02 7-2 Final Exam

front 1

1. What is the genetic material inside a virus called?

back 1

DNA or RNA

front 2

2. What structure surrounds the genetic material of a virus?

back 2

Capsid

front 3

3. Can viruses reproduce on their own?

back 3

No

front 4

4. What must a virus enter to reproduce?

back 4

A host cell

front 5

5. What process do bacteria use to reproduce?

back 5

Binary fission

front 6

6. What type of cells are bacteria?

back 6

Prokaryotic cells

front 7

7. Do bacteria have a nucleus?

back 7

No

front 8

8. What structure helps some bacteria move?

back 8

Flagella

front 9

9. What are bacteria that make their own food called?

back 9

Autotrophs

front 10

10. What are bacteria that consume other organisms called?

back 10

Heterotrophs

front 11

11. Name one helpful role of bacteria.

back 11

Decomposing waste

front 12

12. Name one harmful role of bacteria.

back 12

Causing disease

front 13

13. What kingdom includes algae and protozoans?

back 13

Protists

front 14

14. What are animal-like protists called?

back 14

Protozoans

front 15

15. What are plant-like protists called?

back 15

Algae

front 16

16. What structure helps protists remove excess water?

back 16

Contractile vacuole

front 17

17. What structure allows some protists to move like a tail?

back 17

Flagellum

front 18

18. What structure allows some protists to move with tiny hairs?

back 18

Cilia

front 19

19. What process do many protists use to reproduce?

back 19

Binary fission

front 20

20. What is the first step in binary fission?

back 20

DNA copies itself

front 21

21. What is the last step in binary fission?

back 21

Two identical cells form

front 22

22. What process allows plant-like protists to make food?

back 22

Photosynthesis

front 23

23. What is camouflage?

back 23

Blending into surroundings

front 24

24. What is mimicry?

back 24

Looking like another organism

front 25

25. What is the main purpose of adaptations?

back 25

Survival and reproduction

front 26

26. What are behaviors organisms are born knowing called?

back 26

Innate behaviors

front 27

27. What adaptation helps predators catch prey?

back 27

Sharp claws

front 28

28. What adaptation helps animals hide from predators?

back 28

Camouflage

front 29

29. What scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

back 29

Charles Darwin

front 30

30. What is natural selection?

back 30

Survival of organisms best suited to the environment

front 31

31. What happens to organisms that are not suited to their environment?

back 31

They may die or become extinct

front 32

32. What is extinction?

back 32

When all members of a species die out

front 33

33. What evidence shows how organisms changed over time?

back 33

Fossils

front 34

34. What is a fossil?

back 34

Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms

front 35

35. What is the fossil record?

back 35

The complete record of past life shown by fossils

front 36

36. What type of fossil is formed when minerals replace tissues?

back 36

Petrified fossil

front 37

37. What type of fossil shows footprints or burrows?

back 37

Trace fossil

front 38

38. What type of fossil forms when an organism leaves an impression?

back 38

Mold fossil

front 39

39. What forms when a mold fills with minerals?

back 39

Cast fossil

front 40

40. What kind of fossils are useful for dating rock layers?

back 40

Index fossils

front 41

41. What are two characteristics of index fossils?

back 41

Widespread and lived for a short time

front 42

42. What law states older rock layers are below younger layers?

back 42

Law of Superposition

front 43

43. In undisturbed rock layers, where are the oldest rocks found?

back 43

On the bottom

front 44

44. What does crosscutting relationships mean?

back 44

A fault or intrusion is younger than the rock it cuts through

front 45

45. What is the largest division of geologic time?

back 45

Eon

front 46

46. What comes after an eon?

back 46

Era

front 47

47. What comes after an era?

back 47

Period

front 48

48. What comes after a period?

back 48

Epoch

front 49

49. Which lasted the longest, an era or an eon?

back 49

Eon

front 50

50. What is the current era?

back 50

Cenozoic Era

front 51

51. What is the current period?

back 51

Quaternary Period

front 52

52. What is the current epoch?

back 52

Holocene Epoch

front 53

53. What era is known as the “Age of Reptiles”?

back 53

Mesozoic Era

front 54

54. What era is known as the “Age of Mammals”?

back 54

Cenozoic Era

front 55

55. During what era did fish first appear?

back 55

Paleozoic Era

front 56

56. During what era did reptiles first appear?

back 56

Paleozoic Era

front 57

57. During what era did mammals first appear?

back 57

Mesozoic Era

front 58

58. What evidence supports the asteroid extinction theory?

back 58

Iridium layer and crater evidence

front 59

59. What caused the extinction of many dinosaurs according to scientists?

back 59

Asteroid impact

front 60

60. What is heredity?

back 60

Passing traits from parents to offspring

front 61

61. What is a gene?

back 61

A section of DNA that controls a trait

front 62

62. What are different forms of a gene called?

back 62

Alleles

front 63

63. What allele always shows when present?

back 63

Dominant allele

front 64

64. What allele is hidden unless two are present?

back 64

Recessive allele

front 65

65. What is genotype?

back 65

Genetic makeup

front 66

66. What is phenotype?

back 66

Physical appearance

front 67

67. Which genotype is homozygous dominant?

back 67

TT

front 68

68. Which genotype is heterozygous?

back 68

Tt

front 69

69. Which genotype is homozygous recessive?

back 69

tt

front 70

70. In a Punnett square, what does each box represent?

back 70

A possible offspring genotype

front 71

71. What does DNA stand for?

back 71

Deoxyribonucleic acid

front 72

72. What carries genetic information in cells?

back 72

DNA

front 73

73. What is the correct order from smallest to largest?

back 73

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

front 74

74. What is a tissue?

back 74

A group of similar cells working together

front 75

75. What is an organ?

back 75

A group of tissues working together

front 76

76. What is an organ system?

back 76

A group of organs working together

front 77

77. What are inherited traits?

back 77

Traits passed from parents

front 78

78. What are genetic variations?

back 78

Differences among individuals of the same species

front 79

79. Are genetic variations always helpful?

back 79

No

front 80

80. What adaptation helps a porcupine survive?

back 80

Sharp quills

front 81

81. What adaptation helps a polar bear survive in snow?

back 81

White fur

front 82

82. What adaptation helps ducks swim?

back 82

Webbed feet

front 83

83. What is the purpose of thick fur in arctic animals?

back 83

Staying warm

front 84

84. What is an example of innate behavior?

back 84

Bird migration

front 85

85. What does an autotroph produce?

back 85

Its own food

front 86

86. What does a heterotroph consume?

back 86

Other organisms

front 87

87. What is photosynthesis?

back 87

The process plants use to make food using sunlight

front 88

88. What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?

back 88

Carbon dioxide

front 89

89. What gas do plants release during photosynthesis?

back 89

Oxygen

front 90

90. What plant structure absorbs water?

back 90

Roots

front 91

91. What plant structure transports water and nutrients?

back 91

Stem

front 92

92. What plant structure carries out most photosynthesis?

back 92

Leaves

front 93

93. What are animals that cannot make their own food called?

back 93

Consumers

front 94

94. What animals have backbones?

back 94

Vertebrates

front 95

95. What animals do not have backbones?

back 95

Invertebrates

front 96

96. What is evolution?

back 96

Change in species over time

front 97

97. What causes natural selection to occur?

back 97

Environmental pressures

front 98

98. What usually survives in natural selection?

back 98

Organisms with helpful adaptations

front 99

99. What is the geologic time scale?

back 99

The record of major events and diversity of life through time

front 100

100. What are the geologic eras from oldest to youngest?

back 100

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic