1. What is the genetic material inside a virus called?

DNA or RNA

2. What structure surrounds the genetic material of a virus?

Capsid

3. Can viruses reproduce on their own?

No

4. What must a virus enter to reproduce?

A host cell

5. What process do bacteria use to reproduce?

Binary fission

6. What type of cells are bacteria?

Prokaryotic cells

7. Do bacteria have a nucleus?

No

8. What structure helps some bacteria move?

Flagella

9. What are bacteria that make their own food called?

Autotrophs

10. What are bacteria that consume other organisms called?

Heterotrophs

11. Name one helpful role of bacteria.

Decomposing waste

12. Name one harmful role of bacteria.

Causing disease

13. What kingdom includes algae and protozoans?

Protists

14. What are animal-like protists called?

Protozoans

15. What are plant-like protists called?

Algae

16. What structure helps protists remove excess water?

Contractile vacuole

17. What structure allows some protists to move like a tail?

Flagellum

18. What structure allows some protists to move with tiny hairs?

Cilia

19. What process do many protists use to reproduce?

Binary fission

20. What is the first step in binary fission?

DNA copies itself

21. What is the last step in binary fission?

Two identical cells form

22. What process allows plant-like protists to make food?

Photosynthesis

23. What is camouflage?

Blending into surroundings

24. What is mimicry?

Looking like another organism

25. What is the main purpose of adaptations?

Survival and reproduction

26. What are behaviors organisms are born knowing called?

Innate behaviors

27. What adaptation helps predators catch prey?

Sharp claws

28. What adaptation helps animals hide from predators?

Camouflage

29. What scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin

30. What is natural selection?

Survival of organisms best suited to the environment

31. What happens to organisms that are not suited to their environment?

They may die or become extinct

32. What is extinction?

When all members of a species die out

33. What evidence shows how organisms changed over time?

Fossils

34. What is a fossil?

Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms

35. What is the fossil record?

The complete record of past life shown by fossils

36. What type of fossil is formed when minerals replace tissues?

Petrified fossil

37. What type of fossil shows footprints or burrows?

Trace fossil

38. What type of fossil forms when an organism leaves an impression?

Mold fossil

39. What forms when a mold fills with minerals?

Cast fossil

40. What kind of fossils are useful for dating rock layers?

Index fossils

41. What are two characteristics of index fossils?

Widespread and lived for a short time

42. What law states older rock layers are below younger layers?

Law of Superposition

43. In undisturbed rock layers, where are the oldest rocks found?

On the bottom

44. What does crosscutting relationships mean?

A fault or intrusion is younger than the rock it cuts through

45. What is the largest division of geologic time?

Eon

46. What comes after an eon?

Era

47. What comes after an era?

Period

48. What comes after a period?

Epoch

49. Which lasted the longest, an era or an eon?

Eon

50. What is the current era?

Cenozoic Era

51. What is the current period?

Quaternary Period

52. What is the current epoch?

Holocene Epoch

53. What era is known as the “Age of Reptiles”?

Mesozoic Era

54. What era is known as the “Age of Mammals”?

Cenozoic Era

55. During what era did fish first appear?

Paleozoic Era

56. During what era did reptiles first appear?

Paleozoic Era

57. During what era did mammals first appear?

Mesozoic Era

58. What evidence supports the asteroid extinction theory?

Iridium layer and crater evidence

59. What caused the extinction of many dinosaurs according to scientists?

Asteroid impact

60. What is heredity?

Passing traits from parents to offspring

61. What is a gene?

A section of DNA that controls a trait

62. What are different forms of a gene called?

Alleles

63. What allele always shows when present?

Dominant allele

64. What allele is hidden unless two are present?

Recessive allele

65. What is genotype?

Genetic makeup

66. What is phenotype?

Physical appearance

67. Which genotype is homozygous dominant?

TT

68. Which genotype is heterozygous?

Tt

69. Which genotype is homozygous recessive?

tt

70. In a Punnett square, what does each box represent?

A possible offspring genotype

71. What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

72. What carries genetic information in cells?

DNA

73. What is the correct order from smallest to largest?

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

74. What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells working together

75. What is an organ?

A group of tissues working together

76. What is an organ system?

A group of organs working together

77. What are inherited traits?

Traits passed from parents

78. What are genetic variations?

Differences among individuals of the same species

79. Are genetic variations always helpful?

No

80. What adaptation helps a porcupine survive?

Sharp quills

81. What adaptation helps a polar bear survive in snow?

White fur

82. What adaptation helps ducks swim?

Webbed feet

83. What is the purpose of thick fur in arctic animals?

Staying warm

84. What is an example of innate behavior?

Bird migration

85. What does an autotroph produce?

Its own food

86. What does a heterotroph consume?

Other organisms

87. What is photosynthesis?

The process plants use to make food using sunlight

88. What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide

89. What gas do plants release during photosynthesis?

Oxygen

90. What plant structure absorbs water?

Roots

91. What plant structure transports water and nutrients?

Stem

92. What plant structure carries out most photosynthesis?

Leaves

93. What are animals that cannot make their own food called?

Consumers

94. What animals have backbones?

Vertebrates

95. What animals do not have backbones?

Invertebrates

96. What is evolution?

Change in species over time

97. What causes natural selection to occur?

Environmental pressures

98. What usually survives in natural selection?

Organisms with helpful adaptations

99. What is the geologic time scale?

The record of major events and diversity of life through time

100. What are the geologic eras from oldest to youngest?

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic