Pharm 46 Flashcards

A patient is prescribed Bactrim for a urinary tract infection. Which two drugs are in this combination?

A) Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

B) Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

C) Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

D) Moxifloxacin and delafloxacin

TMP-SMX is also commonly known by which drug name?

A) Bactrim

B) Leucovorin

C) Pyrimethamine

D) Delafloxacin

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole works by blocking which bacterial pathway?

A) DNA gyrase pathway

B) Folate pathway

C) Protein synthesis pathway

D) Cell wall pathway

Why does blocking bacterial folate impair bacterial growth?

A) Bacteria cannot make DNA well

B) Bacteria cannot make capsules

C) Bacteria cannot make flagella

D) Bacteria cannot make ribosomes

Bacteria need folate mainly to synthesize which molecule?

A) RNA polymerase

B) Cell membrane

C) DNA

D) Peptidoglycan

TMP-SMX prevents bacterial survival mainly by disrupting which process?

A) Calcium entry

B) DNA production

C) Beta-lactamase release

D) Protein folding

Which infection is a clinical use of TMP-SMX?

A) UTIs

B) Influenza

C) Influenza

D) Syphilis

A patient has a soft tissue infection treated with Bactrim. Which drug class is being used?

A) Fluoroquinolone

B) Folate antagonist

C) Macrolide

D) Aminoglycoside

TMP-SMX is used for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia because it blocks which process?

A) DNA replication via gyrase

B) Folate-dependent DNA synthesis

C) Cell wall crosslinking

D) Viral genome release

Which opportunistic pneumonia can be treated with TMP-SMX?

A) Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

B) Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

D) Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

Which parasitic infection is listed as a use for TMP-SMX?

A) Giardiasis

B) Toxoplasmosis

C) Malaria

D) Schistosomiasis

TMP-SMX is used for which branching filamentous bacterial infection?

A) Nocardiosis

B) Anthrax

C) Tetanus

D) Botulism

Which side effect is associated with TMP-SMX?

A) Tendon rupture

B) Rash

C) Ototoxicity

D) Lupus-like syndrome

Bacrtrim adverse effect?

A) Fever

B) Constipation

C) Cyanide toxicity

D) Visual brightness

TMP-SMX can suppress which body system?

A) Bone marrow

B) Adrenal cortex

C) Thyroid gland

D) Pancreatic islets

Which adverse effect does TMP-SMX have?

A) Neurotoxicity

B) Tendon rupture

C) Bone marrow suppression

D) Calcium binding

Which electrolyte abnormality is associated with TMP-SMX?

A) Hypocalcemia

B) Hyperkalemia

C) Hypernatremia

D) Hypokalemia

A patient on TMP-SMX can have what adverse effect?

A) Nephrotoxicity

B) Tendonitis

C) Bronchoconstriction

D) Cyanosis

Which side effect set best matches TMP-SMX?

A) GI upset, tendon rupture, neurotoxicity

B) Rash, fever, bone marrow suppression

C) QT prolongation, constipation, dizziness

D) Cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia

Which adverse effect is shared by TMP-SMX and sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine?

A) Bone marrow toxicity

B) Tendon rupture

C) Calcium chelation

D) Neurotoxicity

A patient with sulfa allergy needs treatment for a lower UTI. Which drug from the notes may be used alone?

A) Sulfamethoxazole

B) Trimethoprim

C) Pyrimethamine

D) Sulfadiazine

Trimethoprim alone treats lower UTIs by blocking which pathway?

A) DNA gyrase pathway

B) Bacterial folate pathway

C) Topoisomerase IV pathway

D) Cell membrane pathway

Trimethoprim alone is especially useful when a patient has which issue?

A) Beta blocker allergy

B) Sulfa allergy

C) Calcium deficiency

D) Tendon injury

Which infection is listed as a use for trimethoprim alone?

A) Lower UTIs

B) Anthrax

C) Osteomyelitis

D) Toxoplasmosis only

Which drug blocks bacterial folate without the sulfa component?

A) Ciprofloxacin

B) Trimethoprim

C) Sulfadiazine

D) Moxifloxacin

Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine produces what type of antimicrobial blockade?

A) Strong folate pathway blockade

B) Strong DNA gyrase blockade

C) Strong ribosomal blockade

D) Strong cell wall blockade

Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine is used clinically for which infection?

A) Anthrax

B) Nocardiosis

C) Toxoplasmosis

D) Gastroenteritis

A patient with toxoplasmosis receives sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine. What pathway is targeted?

A) Topoisomerase pathway

B) Folate pathway

C) Calcium transport pathway

D) Beta receptor pathway

Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine prevents organisms from making which molecule properly?

A) DNA

B) Capsule

C) Flagella

D) Toxin

Which adverse effect is especially associated with sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine?

A) Bone marrow toxicity

B) Tendon rupture

C) GI upset

D) Neurotoxicity

Leucovorin is given with sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine to protect which tissue?

A) Bone marrow

B) Tendon

C) Kidney tubules

D) Gastric mucosa

Which drug is a fluoroquinolone?

A) Ciprofloxacin

B) Trimethoprim

C) Sulfadiazine

D) Pyrimethamine

Which drug is a fluoroquinolone?

A) Bactrim

B) Levofloxacin

C) Leucovorin

D) Sulfamethoxazole

Which drug is a fluoroquinolone?

A) Pyrimethamine

B) Trimethoprim

C) Moxifloxacin

D) Sulfadiazine

Which drug is a fluoroquinolone?

A) Delafloxacin

B) Leucovorin

C) Pyrimethamine

D) Sulfamethoxazole

Fluoroquinolones inhibit which bacterial enzymes?

A) ACE and renin

B) DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

C) Na/K ATPase and PDE-3

D) Transpeptidase and beta-lactamase

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV help bacteria do what?

A) Unwind and replicate DNA

B) Build fungal cell walls

C) Produce viral envelopes

D) Secrete histamine

Fluoroquinolones kill bacteria by preventing which process?

A) DNA copying

B) Folate absorption

C) Calcium binding

D) Capsule staining

A patient receives ciprofloxacin. Which mechanism explains bacterial death?

A) Blocks beta receptors

B) Inhibits DNA gyrase

C) Blocks calcium usage

D) Activates leucovorin

A drug blocks topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. Which class is it?

A) Sulfonamide

B) Folate antagonist

C) Fluoroquinolone

D) Antimetabolite

Which clinical use belongs to fluoroquinolones?

A) UTIs

B) Torsades

C) Asthma

D) Angina

Which gastrointestinal infection category is listed for fluoroquinolone use?

A) Gastroenteritis

B) Toxoplasmosis

C) Pneumocystis pneumonia

D) Nocardiosis

Which bone infection is listed as a fluoroquinolone clinical use?

A) Osteomyelitis

B) Cellulitis

C) Septic arthritis

D) Endocarditis

Which bioterrorism-associated infection is listed as a fluoroquinolone use?

A) Anthrax

B) Botulism

C) Tetanus

D) Diphtheria

A patient with anthrax is treated with an antibiotic ending in “floxacin.” Which class is this?

A) Fluoroquinolone

B) Folate antagonist

C) Sulfonamide

D) Pyrimidine analog

A patient with osteomyelitis receives ciprofloxacin. Which bacterial process is inhibited?

A) DNA replication

B) Folate rescue

C) Peptidoglycan crosslinking

D) Ribosomal translocation

Which side effect set best matches fluoroquinolones?

A) GI upset, neurotoxicity, tendon rupture

B) Rash, fever, hyperkalemia

C) Bone marrow toxicity only

D) Cough, angioedema, nephrotoxicity

Why should fluoroquinolones not be taken with calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum?

A) They bind drug and decrease absorption

B) They increase folate synthesis

C) They worsen bacterial DNA copying

D) They activate topoisomerase IV

A patient takes ciprofloxacin with calcium supplements. What is the likely result?

A) Decreased drug absorption

B) Increased drug absorption

C) Increased folate blockade

D) Increased leucovorin activity

Which medication should be separated from iron supplements because absorption can decrease?

A) Ciprofloxacin

B) Trimethoprim

C) Pyrimethamine

D) Leucovorin

Which pairing is correct?

A) TMP-SMX—folate pathway blockade

B) Ciprofloxacin—cell wall blockade

C) Trimethoprim—DNA gyrase inhibitor

D) Leucovorin—fluoroquinolone

Which pairing is correct?

A) Sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine—toxoplasmosis

B) Levofloxacin—bone marrow rescue

C) TMP-SMX—tendon rupture

D) Leucovorin—DNA gyrase inhibition

Which pairing is correct?

A) Fluoroquinolones—DNA gyrase inhibition

B) TMP-SMX—topoisomerase IV inhibition

C) Trimethoprim—calcium chelation

D) Leucovorin—bacterial DNA unwinding

Which pairing is correct?

A) Trimethoprim alone—lower UTIs

B) Moxifloxacin—sulfa allergy alternative

C) Bactrim—anthrax first only

D) Delafloxacin—leucovorin rescue

Which pairing is correct?

A) Fluoroquinolones—avoid calcium coadministration

B) TMP-SMX—avoid all folate rescue

C) Leucovorin—causes tendon rupture

D) Sulfadiazine—blocks DNA gyrase

A patient with toxoplasmosis receives sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. Which add-on reduces bone marrow toxicity

A) Leucovorin

B) Aluminum

C) Ciprofloxacin

D) Dapagliflozin

A patient with UTI and soft tissue infection is prescribed Bactrim. Which side effect should be monitored?

A) Hyperkalemia

B) Muscle Strain

C) Constipation

D) Bradycardia

A patient taking moxifloxacin develops GI upset and tendon pain. Which class toxicity is this?

A) Fluoroquinolone toxicity

B) Folate antagonist toxicity

C) Sulfonamide rescue effect

D) Leucovorin toxicity

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is established to be effective against which of the following opportunistic infections in the AIDS patient?

(A) Cryptococcal meningitis

(B) Herpes simplex

(C) Oral candidiasis

(D) Toxoplasmosis

A 65-year-old woman has returned from a vacation abroad
suffering from traveler’s diarrhea, and her problem has not
responded to antidiarrheal drugs. A pathogenic Gram-negative bacillus is suspected. Which drug is most likely to be effective in the treatment of this patient?
(A) Ampicillin
(B) Ofloxacin
(C) Sulfadiazine
(D) Trimethoprim
(E) Vancomycin

Which statement about the clinical use of sulfonamides is
correct?
(A) Cannot be used topically for treatment of chlamydial
infections of the eye
(B) Effective as sole agents in the treatment of prostatitis
(C) Effective in Rocky Mountain spotted fever
(D) In some bacterial strains resistance occurs via reduced
PABA formation
(E) Reduced intracellular uptake is a mechanism of sulfonamide
resistance in some bacterial strains

Which statement about the fluoroquinolones is accurate?
(A) Antacids increase their oral bioavailability
(B) Contraindicated in patients with hepatic dysfunction
(C) Fluoroquinolones are drugs of choice in a 6-year-old
child with a urinary tract infection
(D) Gonococcal resistance to fluoroquinolones may involve
changes in DNA gyrase
(E) Modification of moxifloxacin dosage is required in
patients when creatinine clearance is less than 50 mL/min

Which adverse effect is most common with sulfonamides?
(A) Fanconi’s aminoaciduria syndrome
(B) Hematuria
(C) Kernicterus in the newborn
(D) Neurologic dysfunction
(E) Skin rash

Which drug is effective in the treatment of nocardiosis and,
in combination with pyrimethamine, is prophylactic against
Pneumocystis jirovecii infections in AIDS patients?

(A) Amoxicillin

(B) Erythromycin

(C) Levofloxacin

(D) Sulfadiazine

Which statement about ciprofloxacin is accurate?
(A) Antagonism occurs if used with dihydrofolate reductase
inhibitors
(B) Ciprofloxacin is active against MRSA strains of
staphylococci
(C) Most “first-time” urinary tract infections are resistant to
ciprofloxacin
(D) Organisms that commonly cause ear infections are
highly resistant
(E) Tendinitis may occur during treatment

Supplementary folinic acid may prevent anemia in folate-deficient persons who use this drug; it is a weak base achieving tissue levels similar to those in plasma.
(A) Ciprofloxacin
(B) Levofloxacin
(C) Linezolid
(D) Sulfamethoxazole
(E) Trimethoprim

Ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and ofloxacin are especially effective against gram _____ bacteria

When treating staphylococcal infections, the quinolones should be administered with what other agent?

_____, to prevent resistance

Administration of fluoroquinolones can result in what adverse effect seen on EKG?

Prolonged ______ interval

p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) structural backbone is in ______.

Sulfonamides inhibit which bacterial enzyme?

A. Dihydrofolate reductase

B. DNA gyrase

C. Dihydropteroate synthase

D. Transpeptidase

Sulfonamides have activity against:

A. Gram-positive bacteria only

B. Gram-negative bacteria only

C. Anaerobes only

D. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Bacterial polymorphisms in dihydropteroate synthase can cause resistance to:

A. Sulfonamides

B. Macrolides

C. Aminoglycosides

D. Fluoroquinolones

Which potentially fatal dermatologic reaction can occur with sulfonamide therapy?

A. Erythema nodosum

B. Stevens-Johnson syndrome

C. Psoriasis

D. Urticaria

Sulfonamides are more likely to precipitate in urine at which pH?

A. Neutral

B. Alkaline

C. Acidic

D. Physiologic

Which hematologic complication can result from sulfonamide therapy?

A. Aplastic anemia

B. Polycythemia

C. Leukemoid reaction

D. Thrombocytosis

Which additional hematologic complication can result from sulfonamide therapy?

A. Eosinophilia

B. Agranulocytosis

C. Polycythemia

D. Lymphocytosis

Sulfonamide therapy can also cause:

A. Thrombocytosis

B. Hemophilia

C. Thrombocytopenia

D. Spherocytosis

Sulfonamides should be used with particular caution in patients with:

A. G6PD deficiency

B. Factor V Leiden

C. Sickle cell trait

D. Hereditary spherocytosis

Trimethoprim inhibits which enzyme?

A. Dihydropteroate synthase

B. Dihydrofolate reductase

C. DNA gyrase

D. RNA polymerase

Pyrimethamine inhibits which enzyme?

A. Transpeptidase

B. Thymidylate synthase

C. Dihydrofolate reductase

D. Topoisomerase IV

Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase prevents conversion of dihydrofolic acid into:

A. Folic acid

B. PABA

C. Dihydropteroic acid

D. Tetrahydrofolic acid

Trimethoprim therapy can cause an increase in serum:

A. Creatinine

B. Bilirubin

C. Calcium

D. Albumin