Biomed Unit 3 Transmission Flashcards

someone vulnerable to infection by an infectious agent

wherever the agent previously resided

the transmission of an agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host

skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital, conjunctiva

touches an infected individual or is exposed to their body fluids, close contact needed

inhales infected particles, touches an infected object or is bitten by an infected insect, air particles or animal intermediaries

the number of organisms it takes to cause illness following exposure

ebola, mycobacterium TB, influenza, E. coli

stop from spreading from reservoir, block exit from host, stop transmission

defense mechanism that resists infection by destroying pathogens

nonspecific immune defense mechanisms we are born with, keep anything outside from coming in

specific immune defense mechanisms acquired over a lifetime, use antibodies to respond to specific antigens

acquired following an infection and recovery or from a vaccine, body makes its own antibodies

acquired from mother, antibodies given to child through placenta or breast feeding

autoimmune disease that leads immune system to destroy the individual, meds can suppress

innate defense mechanism, contains enzymes that kill invading organisms, wash out invaders

innate defense mechanism, mucus and cilia (small hairs) in nose trap invaders

innate defense mechanism, wave upwards, invaders trapped in mucus and passed up and out

innate defense mechanism, oral enzymes help kill invaders

innate defense mechanism, cells that patrol lungs and eat and digest invaders

innate defense mechanism, pH of 2, kills invaders

innate defense mechanism, live on skin, intestines, take up space and secrete chemicals to keep foreign invaders out and prevent them from attaching

innate defense mechanism, urine, female vaginal discharge, defecation flush out organisms

innate defense mechanism, localized conditions, small blood vessels in tissue dilate to increase blood flow to injured tissue

innate defense mechanism, elevation of temperature above normal range to stimulate WBC release

structure in brain that regulates body temperature

antigen (foreign invader like a pathogen) enters = T-cells cent to site of infection

kill infected cells by secreting toxins, remember pathogens

produces antibodies to block pathogens from entering cells, prevent bacteria from ingesting nutrients, and bind toxins released by pathogens to prevent them from harm

gained when an individual becomes ill following exposure to a pathogen and their immune system helps them recover

occurs when receive a vaccine

contains weakened / dead form of pathogen

artificially acquired immunity that occurs when the majority of a population has been given a vaccine → resistant to infection

used to measure how infectious an agent of disease is, quantifies ease of contracting infection

one sick individual will, on average, infect fewer than one other individual

One sick individual will, on average, infect one other individual.

One sick individual will, on average, infect the number of individuals indicated.