Where can botulism be found?
opened cans / tomato products, main component of Botox (anti-wrinkle procedure)
botulism
prophage makes toxins that paralyzes muscles, lysogenic cycle
herpesvirus effects
cold sores, genital herpes (STD), chicken pox
herpesvirus
lysogenic: latent / dormant in nucleus of cell until stress = viral DNA hijacks, release = cold sores
phage lambda
both lytic and lysogenic cycles, DNA inserted via genetic recombination into the bacterial chromosome
influenza (flu)
made of RNA material
influenza effects
colds, poliovirus
plant viruses
RNA, rod shaped with spiral proteins around nucleic acid
plant virus effects
stunt plant growth and diminish crop yields, tobacco mosaic virus
How do plant viruses get into the plant?
wind, chilling, injury, insect damage allow to pass through plant's epidermis; spreads through plasmodesmata
What is the cure for plant viruses?
there is none; instead, reduce infected and breed resistant ones
ebola
RNA, endemic to central Africa
ebola effects
fatal hemorrhagic fever, vomit, bleed, circulatory system collapse
acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS and HIV)
RNA retrovirus with membranous envelope and glycoprotein spikes
RNA viruses
COVID, HIV, cold, polio, hepatitis A C and E
DNA viruses
herpes, chickenpox (later shingles), small pox, hepatitis B
Hershey-Chase
proved DNA is genetic material of T2 virus in E.coli, attached radioactive isotopes to sulfur (CHONS of proteins) and phosphorus (CHONS of DNA), then separated interior and exterior of cell
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
function of genes dictates enzyme production with bread molds in Neurospora grassa, one defective gene led to no enzyme led to lack growth ability