Unit 3: Cellular Respiration Unknown Info (AP Biology 2026) Flashcards

the receiving of oxygen from the environment and the releasing of carbon dioxide as a waste product in organisms

the aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells

oxygen and glucose

water, carbon, dioxide, ATP

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> ATP + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

ATP madewith oxygen, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

ATP made without oxygen, glycolysis

No. In anaerobic, only 2% is released, while it is 40% in aerobic.

glycolysis, formation of acetyl-CoA, Krebs (citric acid) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

the exergonic redox breaking of sugar in half into 2 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules in the cytoplasm, anaerobic

1 glucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+ --> 2 pyruvic acid + 4 ATP + 2 NADH

2 electrons and one proton go into NADH, while the other proton goes into the intermembrane space

very minor, with 2 net, 4 produced, 2 needed to start

each pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A after being transported to the mitochondrion

2 pyruvic acid + 2 coenzyme A + 2 NAD+ --> 2 Acetyl-CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH

the enzyme complex where the process of turning pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA occurs

each of the two acetyl-CoA's enters one at a time, where all their carbons are converted to CO2 byproduct in the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane

6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, oxaloacetate, CO2 for both acetyls

2 acetyl-CoA, oxaloacetate

2 net via substrate-level phosphorylation, 4 produced, 2 needed to start, mainly just supplies electron transport chain with electrons

6-carbon citric acid is formed, eventually turned back into oxaloacetate

electrons ( and their hydrogen atoms) are removed from a molecule of glucose, carrying the energy previously stored in the glucose's chem bonds, and passed down a series of protein carrier molecules embedded in the cristae in the inner mitochondrial membrane

shuttle electrons to the electron transport chain (e.g. NADH and FADH2)

hydrogen atoms are split into hydrogen ions and electrons, with H2 forming 2H+ and 2e-

each hands down electrons to the next molecule, releasing energy little by little until reaching the final electron acceptor

MUST be oxygen, combines with electrons and hydrogens to form water, pulls down electrons with its electronegativity

chloroplasts, mitochondria, prokaryotic plasma membranes

NADP+

net of 34

water, 1.5x2NAD+. 2.5x8NAD+, 1.5x2FAD+. ATP most

10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 O2

the pumping of ions and diffusion of ions to create ATP, as electrons passed down chain hydrogen ions (protons) that split off from hydrogen atom are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space

formed when hydrogen ions pumped, want to diffuse

when electrons are given up (oxidized) and ADP is (phosphorylated) made into ATP, as hydrogen ions can only diffuse through ATP synthase channels

contain ADP and Pi which connect when protons flow through the channels

an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic substrate molecule to ADP, turning it into ATP and a new organic molecule, does not need a membrane unlike electron transport chain

the movement of electrons from one molecules to another, requires a donor and receiver (always paired / coupled)

oxygen, glucose

CO2, water