disorders of the pituitary gland include
- tumors
- hypofunction
- hyperfunction
- damage to gland (trauma)
pituitary tumors (usually benign tumors)
S/S:
- local- on brain, can cause visual problems
- systemic- vague and slow to progress, personality changes
treatment for pituitary tumors
transsphernoidal hypophysectomy (removing the pituitary gland)
-going into the nose, into the pituitary gland
hypophysectomy :
post op care
neuro checks (making sure nothings changing-ex: speech)
-monitor for bleeding
-monitor the drainage (should be bloody/mucus)
-do not want to see clear drainage that would be CHS
Acromegaly
over secretion of growth hormone (GH)
-increase in bone size
-enlargement of facial features, hands and feet
Giantism (before puberty)
over secretion of GH in children
acromegaly most of caused by
pituitary tumors which secrete excess amounts of GH
acromegaly S/S
- changes in ring size
- change in shoe size
- enlargement of nose, jaw, brow, hands, feet
- protrusion of jaw and orbital ridges
- muscle weakness and joint pain
acromegaly diagnosis
lab test- hormone levels
acromegaly treatment
aimed at cause, hypophysectomy, and radiation
removing a hormone, a patient will need hormone replacement for the rest of their lives
(T/F)
true
decrease in GH
leads to short stature
Dwarfism
results in limited growth- congenital or from damage to the pituitary gland
Diabetes Insipids (DI)
does NOT have anything to do with blood sugars!
-decrease antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-excretion of copious amounts of urine (excessive amount)
-can result in hypovolemic shock if untreated
diabetes inspipids (DI)
goal
replace fluid; electrolytes/hormone therapy
strict I&O and daily weights
(DI) high sodium
patient may present with seizures, headaches , excess thirst
SIADH
excessive amounts of ADH produced
-fluid retention -thick sticky urine
-can be caused by a tumor -overly hydrated
SIADH s/s
weight gain, edema, hyponatremia (to much sodium) , high blood pressure, NPO, have to give oral salt tablets
SIADH treatment
fluid restrictions, sodium chloride PO, diuretics
-monitor vital signs, daily weights, neuro checks
stick hourly I&O