hypothalamus
controls everything (making these hormones)
pituitary gland connects where?
the thalamus
thyroid
very big with metabolism
parathyroid
controlling calcium levels
beta cells
secreting insulin
alpha cells
producing glucagon
reproductive are hormones involved (T/F)
TRUE
anterior pituitary
producing ACTH, GH, TSH
PRO ATHLETES GOT TO GROW
- PROLACTIN
- ACTH
- GONADOTROPINS-FSH,LH
- TSH
- GROWTH HORMONE
POSTERIOR PITUITARY
ADH AND OXYTOCIN
-STORED AND RELEASED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS
THYROID GLANDS
Producing T3 and T4 and calcitonin
-iodine and protein is needed to synthesize thyroid hormones
parathyroid
has to have equal CA levels.
-if CA goes down PTH goes down
-if CA goes up PTH goes up
calcatonin
is released from the thyroid
-calcitonin decreases CA levels
adrenal medulla
secretes epinephrine (fight or flight)
norepinephrine (keep blood pressure up) in responses from the sympathetic nervous system
adrenal cortex
secretes corticosteroid , mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)
minerlocorticoids
sodium and water balance
Glucocorticoids
blood sugar goes up
endocrine problems?
24 hour urine
functions of the pancreas
- pancreas is only gland in the body that is both endocrine and exocrine
exocrine
secretes through a duct to the target tissue
endocrine
secretes into the bloodstream
cortisol
raised with stress levels
hypothyroidism
think COLD
Hyperthyroidism
think WEIGHT LOSS
PROLACTIN
produced by anterior pituitary and FSH
Insulin
lower blood sugar and beta cells are producing insulin to lower blood sugar
glucogon
alpha cell
thyroid
metabolism decreases as you age
-older women decrease in estrogen
-men decrease in testosterone
-slowing of metabolism for aging
body processes the endocrine system is involved in
- regulation of metabolism
- growth rate
- physical development
- sexual function
- reproduction
- fluid balance
what is it called if a hormone is not needed?
negative feedback
primary dysfunction
- hyper secretion ( over secretion)
- hyopsecretion (under secretion)
- tumors and inflammation
secondary dysfunction
medication, trauma, hormone therapy
-temporary or permanent
urine test
24 hours ( get rid of first sample )
-keep in fridge or on ice
ultrasound
Thyroid
MRI'S
tumors
stimulation test
hormone is injected to stimulate gland
suppression test
opposite of stimulating tests
thyroid panel measures the following
TSH, T3, T4, (non-fasting)
random blood glucose
given right after meal
hemoglobin a1c
blood draw level greater than 6.5%
hemoglobin
measures blood glucose levels over a period of 6-8 weeks
-NPO before test
normal a1c
less than 5.7%
master gland
pituitary gland
thyroid
produces T3+T4
PARATHYROID
RELEASES PARATHYROID
Adrenals
sits on top of the kidneys
blood glucose?
panaceas
produces ADH
posterior
insulin and glucose
PANCREAS
LOW CALCIUM LEVELS
PARATHYROID WILL BE RELEASED