delay the absorption of carbohydrate from the GI tract
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
angina pectoris
hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
narrowing of the arteries
atherosclerosis
cirrhosis stages
1-Fatty Liver (increased fat synthesis and trapping of fat in
liver)
Reversible
2- Alcoholic hepatitis (Inflammation of
liver, occurs if alcohol consumption persists)
Reversible
3-
Cirrhosis (Loss of functioning hepatocytes, as synthesis of proteins decreases)
Irreversable
complication of cirrhosis
-Esophageal Varices
-Spontaneous bacterial
peritonitis
-Encephalopathy (increase
ammonia)
-Hepatocellular carcinoma
coronary disease
Damage to the heart when insufficient blood flows through the vessels because they are blocked with fat or have become thick and hard; this harms the muscles of the heart.
Which of the following strategies would not be paramount in controlling cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Strict glycemic control
A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar
Diabetes
Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome
Waist Circumference: greater than 35 inches in women and 40 inches in men
Triglycerides: 150mg/dl or higher
Blood Pressure:
130/85mm/hg or higher
HDL: lower than 50mg/dl in women and 40mg/dl in men
Diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis
Bicarbonate < 18 mmol/L
pH<7.3
Glycemia > 250 mg/dL
All of the options are correct.
*None of the options is correct
enzyme assays
troponin
myoglobin
creatine kinase
H1C
•Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body. When your diabetes is not controlled (meaning that your blood sugar is too high), sugar builds up in your blood and combines with your hemoglobin, becoming "glycated
hypertension (HTN)
elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg
hypertension treatment
Lifestyle (weight loss, diet, exercise, low
alcohol)
Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Alpha
blockers
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
Vasodilators
If your diabetes isn't under control, it can harm which body part?
eyes
kidneys
heart
Liver functions
metabolic regulation, hematological regulation, bile production
medical treatment for coronary disease
aspirin
Cholesterol-lowering drugs
Beta blockers to lower
your heart rate and blood pressure
Nitroglycerin to control chest
pain by clearing blockages in your coronary arteries and reducing your
heart's demand for blood
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to lower your
blood pressure
metabolic syndrome
Cluster of disorders including:
High blood pressure
High
insulin levels
Excess body weight
Abnormal cholesterol levels
portal hypertension
the elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system
Skin problems in diabetics
Mycosis, Acanthosis Nigricans, Diabetic Dermatopathy, Infections in General.
*All of the above
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus
Polyuria, Nocturia, Polydipsia,
*All options are correct
Sulfonylureas, Repaglindine, Nateglindine
enhance endogenous insulin secretion
surgical treatment for coronary disease
coronary artery, bypass surgery,
balloon angioplasty
Thiazolidinediones (metfromin)
drugs that enhance insulin action in peripheral tissues
drugs that suppress endogenous glucose production
Types of Hypertension
Primary: 90-95% of HTN cases. No specific identifiable cause and is
therefore thought to be multifactorial.
Secondary: 5-10% of HTN cases. Have an identifiable cause such
as parenchymal renal disease, renal artery stenosis, coarctation of
the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism,
primary hyperaldosteronism, chronic steroid therapy, estrogen use,
NSAID use, and sleep apnea.
Uncontrolled diabetes causes damage to your body's blood vessels making them more prone to damage from atherosclerosis and hypertension.
True
What is/are the most common cause(s) of chronic liver disease in the U.S.?
viruses