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  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

28 notecards = 7 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

3109 midterm 2

front 1

delay the absorption of carbohydrate from the GI tract

back 1

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

front 2

chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen

back 2

angina pectoris

front 3

hardening of the arteries

back 3

arteriosclerosis

front 4

narrowing of the arteries

back 4

atherosclerosis

front 5

cirrhosis stages

back 5

1-Fatty Liver (increased fat synthesis and trapping of fat in liver)
Reversible
2- Alcoholic hepatitis (Inflammation of liver, occurs if alcohol consumption persists)
Reversible
3- Cirrhosis (Loss of functioning hepatocytes, as synthesis of proteins decreases)
Irreversable

front 6

complication of cirrhosis

back 6

-Esophageal Varices
-Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
-Encephalopathy (increase ammonia)
-Hepatocellular carcinoma

front 7

coronary disease

back 7

Damage to the heart when insufficient blood flows through the vessels because they are blocked with fat or have become thick and hard; this harms the muscles of the heart.

front 8

Which of the following strategies would not be paramount in controlling cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes?

back 8

Strict glycemic control

front 9

A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar

back 9

Diabetes

front 10

Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome

back 10

Waist Circumference: greater than 35 inches in women and 40 inches in men

Triglycerides: 150mg/dl or higher

Blood Pressure:
130/85mm/hg or higher

HDL: lower than 50mg/dl in women and 40mg/dl in men

front 11

Diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis

back 11

Bicarbonate < 18 mmol/L

pH<7.3

Glycemia > 250 mg/dL

All of the options are correct.

*None of the options is correct

front 12

enzyme assays

back 12

troponin
myoglobin
creatine kinase

front 13

H1C

back 13

•Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body. When your diabetes is not controlled (meaning that your blood sugar is too high), sugar builds up in your blood and combines with your hemoglobin, becoming "glycated

front 14

hypertension (HTN)

back 14

elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg

front 15

hypertension treatment

back 15

Lifestyle (weight loss, diet, exercise, low alcohol)
Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Alpha blockers
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
Vasodilators

front 16

If your diabetes isn't under control, it can harm which body part?

back 16

eyes
kidneys
heart

front 17

Liver functions

back 17

metabolic regulation, hematological regulation, bile production

front 18

medical treatment for coronary disease

back 18

aspirin
Cholesterol-lowering drugs
Beta blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure
Nitroglycerin to control chest pain by clearing blockages in your coronary arteries and reducing your heart's demand for blood
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to lower your blood pressure

front 19

metabolic syndrome

back 19

Cluster of disorders including:
High blood pressure
High insulin levels
Excess body weight
Abnormal cholesterol levels

front 20

portal hypertension

back 20

the elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system

front 21

Skin problems in diabetics

back 21

Mycosis, Acanthosis Nigricans, Diabetic Dermatopathy, Infections in General.

*All of the above

front 22

Symptoms of diabetes mellitus

back 22

Polyuria, Nocturia, Polydipsia,

*All options are correct

front 23

Sulfonylureas, Repaglindine, Nateglindine

back 23

enhance endogenous insulin secretion

front 24

surgical treatment for coronary disease

back 24

coronary artery, bypass surgery,
balloon angioplasty

front 25

Thiazolidinediones (metfromin)

back 25

drugs that enhance insulin action in peripheral tissues

drugs that suppress endogenous glucose production

front 26

Types of Hypertension

back 26

Primary: 90-95% of HTN cases. No specific identifiable cause and is therefore thought to be multifactorial.

Secondary: 5-10% of HTN cases. Have an identifiable cause such as parenchymal renal disease, renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, primary hyperaldosteronism, chronic steroid therapy, estrogen use, NSAID use, and sleep apnea.

front 27

Uncontrolled diabetes causes damage to your body's blood vessels making them more prone to damage from atherosclerosis and hypertension.

back 27

True

front 28

What is/are the most common cause(s) of chronic liver disease in the U.S.?

back 28

viruses