Final med surge- study guide from notes Flashcards

Epidermis & Dermis

5 thin layers

2 layers

Skin cells constantly regenerating melanocytes gives the skin its hair and color

blood vessels and nerves

oily/wax that protects skin

True

(vitamin and calcium need to work together)

makes skin waterproof

produce sebum

Senile Lentigines (age spots)

Pruitis(itching) and pain

malignant changes (cancerous skin changes)

removal of a sample from a skin lesion to differentiate between a benign and malignant lesion

shave top layer off a lesion

remove core from the center of a lesion

remove/excise the entire lesion

detects fungal infection

a thick ridge of scar that stands up from surrounding skin

flat area with a change in skin color

elevated, solid lesion

• wart, elevated moles, limpoma, basal cell carcinoma

larger, raised fluid filled lesion

a fluid filled vesicle or blister, larger than 1 cm

elevated, superficial lesions filled with purulent fluid

elevated,superfical, solid lesion

firm, edematous, irregularly shaped area

• A-asymmetric
• B-irregular border
• c-color change
• d- diameter change
• e-evolving

used topically for staph and strep infections

delayed allergic response- allergen has contact with the skin and immune system

-eczema

-genetic component

-red and itchy skin

due to venous stasis

-occurs mostly on lower extremities

-begins with erythema and pruitis

inflammation of the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, ear caneles, nasal libia folds and axillary

usually begins during puberty; not contagious

• usually begins between ages 30-50
• S/S- erythema, papules/Telangiectases (dilation of capillaries causing small red/pruple clusters or "spider veins"

infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues

inflammation of the hair follicles

collection of boils that have multiple pus "heads"

fungal infection of fingernails and toenails

acquired by contact with infested person or their clothing, bed linens, bedding

-contagious

typically appears as a small, scaly area and tends to become larger as the disease progresses

-most commonly found on face or trunk

• caused by sunlight
• starts as small nodule and rapidly becomes ulcerated
• most often appears on head and neck

• common among older adults
• pre-cancerous lesions
• appear on fair-skinned people as small, scaly, red or grayish papules
• can evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma that can grow rapidly and metastasize

least common form of skin cancer, but causes the most skin cancer deaths

involves only the superficial epidermal layer and usually does not need treatment

-pink/red tender appearance

epidermis and parts of the dermis are affected

-red to white with blisters

-mild to moderate edema

includes tissue damage to the epidermis extending deep into the dermis

-red to white with moderate edema

-no blisters

-occurs from flames, grease, tar, chemical burns

tissue damage to the epidermis, deep into dermis and can extend into subcutaneous tissue- nerve damage

-red to tan, black,brown, white

serve edema and hard eschar

involves all layers including underlying tissues such as fat, muscle, tendons, bone

-nerve endings get destroyed

first 24-48 hours but can last up to 72 hours

it begins with fluid loss and edema formation

assess for respiratory distress and monitor signs of respiratory distress

• upper airway- swelling can occur and obstruct the airwya
• lower airway-damage from inhaling smoke and soot

parkland formla for fluid restrictions

-4ml lactated ringers (LR) x % burn weight in kg

(preferred) the patients own skin

the skin of another person- allograft

pig

artificial graft

ascites, varices, ercephalopathy, often irreversible-transplant may be needed.

identifies extent of liver damage, inflammation, fibrosis, or cirrhosis when diagnosis is unclear

a singular smalll outpouching of the colon wall

when multiple diverticula are present without evidence of inflammation with increased pressure within the colon or stool trapped in a diverticulum, a tear can occur.

• inflammation and infection can develop from diverticulum
• with aging, the incidence of diverticular disease increases as a result of chronic constipation

an autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease that can involve any part of the GI tract

Crampy abdominal pain, chronic intermittent diarrhea (with or without blood), weight loss, and fatigue

-inflammatory symptoms can affect the outside GI tract (eyes, liver, bile ducts, skin, and joints)

foods that increase symptoms, such as dairy products, fatty foods, and fresh fruits and vegetables should be limited

similar to crohns disease however, only occurs in the large intestine and rectum

high fiber foods, caffeine, spicy foods, and milk products are avoided. diarrhea may increase the need for fluids TO prevent dehydration

not a disease but rather a functional problem

Fecal-oral route: fecal contact; fecal contaminated flood, water or raw shellfish

blood or bodily fluids such as saliva, semen, menstrual or vaginal fluid; equipment contaminate by infected blood

blood or bodily fluids that contain blood; IV drug use is the most common birth from HCV-infected mother

inflammation of the pancreas, may be either acute or chronic.

inflammation of the pancreas appears to be caused by a process called auto digestion

-commonly associated with heavy alcohol consumption or cholelithiasis (gallstones)

a progressive fibre-inflammatory disease in which functioning pancreatic tissue is replaced with fibrotic tissue because of inflammation

-appears in LUQ pain that worsens after eating, nausea, and vomiting, weight loss, strerrohaa and intolerance to fatty foods.

inflammation of the appendix, the small, fingerlike appendage attached to the cecum of the large intestine

abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and increased WBC'S. within hours of onset, the pain usually becomes localized to the right lower quadrant at the mcburneys point , mid-way between the umbilicus and the right iliac crest

an inflammation of the perioneum that occurs from a variety of causes.

a ruptured appendix, peptic ulcer, gangrenous gallbladder, perforated colon, pancreatitis, peritoneal dialysis, diverticulitis, incarcerated hernia, or gangrenous small bowel

decreased peristalsis results in bloating, full feeling, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, and no bowel movement or flatus

most people have no symptoms. steady or crampy pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen is the most common symptom. nausea, vomiting, and bowel habit changes with constipation can occur; other symptoms may include bleeding, fever, and fatigue

an inflammation of the gallbladder

the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

refers to gallstones within the common bile duct.

true

0.5-1.2

1.005-1.03

-the lower, excessive fluid intake

-the higher, dehydration- heart failure or shock

bright yellow urine

BUN and creatine so you dont hurt the kidney

decreased urine output

absence of urine

increased urine output

excess urination at night

puss in urine

True

creatine

10-30

7-56

10-40

90-120

imaging of renal pelvis, calyces, ureter.

-labs needed bun and creatine

visualizes renal blood vessels

-checking the distal pulses in the legs every 30-60 minutes with vital signs

-do not bend the leg or raise head of bed (more than 45 degrees)

scope that goes up through the bladder

-local or sedation for the patient

dangerous can shut the kidneys down

involuntary urine loss from increasing abdominal pressure

involuntary urine loss with abrupt/ strong desire to void

inability to get to toilet due to health/ environment barrier

involuntary loss of urine , associated with bladder over distention

loss of urine

to much nitrogen and creatine / waste products in the blood

inflammation of the bladder wall

kidney infection

-hgiher risk for sepsis

...