front 1 skin consists of which two layer ? | back 1 Epidermis & Dermis |
front 2 Epidermis is the outer layer of the skin and has how many layers? | back 2 5 thin layers |
front 3 Dermis is the inner layer of the skin and has how many layers? | back 3 2 layers |
front 4 Melanocytes | back 4 Skin cells constantly regenerating melanocytes gives the skin its hair and color |
front 5 the dermis contains what? | back 5 blood vessels and nerves |
front 6 Secrete Sebum | back 6 oily/wax that protects skin |
front 7 Skin helps to stimulate vitamin D production when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light T/F | back 7 True (vitamin and calcium need to work together) |
front 8 Keratin | back 8 makes skin waterproof |
front 9 Sebaceous Glands | back 9 produce sebum |
front 10 in some spot melanocytes increase in production and produce brown spots called what? | back 10 Senile Lentigines (age spots) |
front 11 what is the most common complaints of skin disorders | back 11 Pruitis(itching) and pain |
front 12 overexposure to Uv light can cause what? | back 12 malignant changes (cancerous skin changes) |
front 13 skin biopsy | back 13 removal of a sample from a skin lesion to differentiate between a benign and malignant lesion |
front 14 shave biopsy | back 14 shave top layer off a lesion |
front 15 punch biopsy | back 15 remove core from the center of a lesion |
front 16 incisional biopsy | back 16 remove/excise the entire lesion |
front 17 wood light | back 17 detects fungal infection |
front 18 Keloid | back 18 a thick ridge of scar that stands up from surrounding skin |
front 19 Maclue | back 19 flat area with a change in skin color |
front 20 papule | back 20 elevated, solid lesion
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front 21 Vesicle | back 21 larger, raised fluid filled lesion |
front 22 Bulla | back 22 a fluid filled vesicle or blister, larger than 1 cm |
front 23 pustule | back 23 elevated, superficial lesions filled with purulent fluid |
front 24 plaque | back 24 elevated,superfical, solid lesion |
front 25 wheal | back 25 firm, edematous, irregularly shaped area |
front 26 ABCDE'S | back 26
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front 27 mupirocin medication | back 27 used topically for staph and strep infections |
front 28 contact dermatitis | back 28 delayed allergic response- allergen has contact with the skin and immune system |
front 29 Atopic dermatitis | back 29 -eczema -genetic component -red and itchy skin |
front 30 Stasis dermatitis | back 30 due to venous stasis -occurs mostly on lower extremities -begins with erythema and pruitis |
front 31 Seborrheic dermatitis | back 31 inflammation of the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, ear caneles, nasal libia folds and axillary |
front 32 acne vulgaris | back 32 usually begins during puberty; not contagious |
front 33 acne rosacea | back 33
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front 34 Cellulitus | back 34 infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues |
front 35 Furuncle | back 35 inflammation of the hair follicles |
front 36 Carbuncles | back 36 collection of boils that have multiple pus "heads" |
front 37 Onychomycosis | back 37 fungal infection of fingernails and toenails |
front 38 scables | back 38 acquired by contact with infested person or their clothing, bed linens, bedding -contagious |
front 39 basal cell carcinoma | back 39 typically appears as a small, scaly area and tends to become larger as the disease progresses -most commonly found on face or trunk |
front 40 squamous cell carcinoma | back 40
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front 41 actinic keratoses | back 41
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front 42 malignant melanoma | back 42 least common form of skin cancer, but causes the most skin cancer deaths |
front 43 epidermal burn (1st degree burn) | back 43 involves only the superficial epidermal layer and usually does not need treatment -pink/red tender appearance |
front 44 superficial partial thickness (2nd degree burn) | back 44 epidermis and parts of the dermis are affected -red to white with blisters -mild to moderate edema |
front 45 deep-partial thickness (3rd degree burn) | back 45 includes tissue damage to the epidermis extending deep into the dermis -red to white with moderate edema -no blisters -occurs from flames, grease, tar, chemical burns |
front 46 full thickness (3rd degree burns) | back 46 tissue damage to the epidermis, deep into dermis and can extend into subcutaneous tissue- nerve damage -red to tan, black,brown, white serve edema and hard eschar |
front 47 deep full thicknesss (4th degree burn) | back 47 involves all layers including underlying tissues such as fat, muscle, tendons, bone -nerve endings get destroyed |
front 48 emergent phase | back 48 first 24-48 hours but can last up to 72 hours it begins with fluid loss and edema formation |
front 49 respiratory support (phases of burns) | back 49 assess for respiratory distress and monitor signs of respiratory distress
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front 50 Fluid resuscitation (emergent phase ) | back 50 parkland formla for fluid restrictions -4ml lactated ringers (LR) x % burn weight in kg |
front 51 Auto graft | back 51 (preferred) the patients own skin |
front 52 hemograft | back 52 the skin of another person- allograft |
front 53 heterograft | back 53 pig |
front 54 biosynthetic/synthetic | back 54 artificial graft |
front 55 portal hypertension | back 55 ascites, varices, ercephalopathy, often irreversible-transplant may be needed. |
front 56 Liver biopsy | back 56 identifies extent of liver damage, inflammation, fibrosis, or cirrhosis when diagnosis is unclear |
front 57 Diverticulum | back 57 a singular smalll outpouching of the colon wall |
front 58 Diverticulosis | back 58 when multiple diverticula are present without evidence of inflammation with increased pressure within the colon or stool trapped in a diverticulum, a tear can occur. |
front 59 diverticulitis | back 59
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front 60 Crohns Disease | back 60 an autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease that can involve any part of the GI tract |
front 61 Crohns disease S/S | back 61 Crampy abdominal pain, chronic intermittent diarrhea (with or without blood), weight loss, and fatigue -inflammatory symptoms can affect the outside GI tract (eyes, liver, bile ducts, skin, and joints) |
front 62 crohns disease diet | back 62 foods that increase symptoms, such as dairy products, fatty foods, and fresh fruits and vegetables should be limited |
front 63 Ulcerative colitis | back 63 similar to crohns disease however, only occurs in the large intestine and rectum |
front 64 Ulcerative colitis diet | back 64 high fiber foods, caffeine, spicy foods, and milk products are avoided. diarrhea may increase the need for fluids TO prevent dehydration |
front 65 irritable bowel syndromeq | back 65 not a disease but rather a functional problem |
front 66 HEP A | back 66 Fecal-oral route: fecal contact; fecal contaminated flood, water or raw shellfish |
front 67 HEP B | back 67 blood or bodily fluids such as saliva, semen, menstrual or vaginal fluid; equipment contaminate by infected blood |
front 68 HEP C | back 68 blood or bodily fluids that contain blood; IV drug use is the most common birth from HCV-infected mother |
front 69 pancreatitis | back 69 inflammation of the pancreas, may be either acute or chronic. |
front 70 Acute pancreatitis | back 70 inflammation of the pancreas appears to be caused by a process called auto digestion -commonly associated with heavy alcohol consumption or cholelithiasis (gallstones) |
front 71 chronic pancreatitis | back 71 a progressive fibre-inflammatory disease in which functioning pancreatic tissue is replaced with fibrotic tissue because of inflammation -appears in LUQ pain that worsens after eating, nausea, and vomiting, weight loss, strerrohaa and intolerance to fatty foods. |
front 72 Appendicitis | back 72 inflammation of the appendix, the small, fingerlike appendage attached to the cecum of the large intestine |
front 73 S/S of appendicitis | back 73 abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and increased WBC'S. within hours of onset, the pain usually becomes localized to the right lower quadrant at the mcburneys point , mid-way between the umbilicus and the right iliac crest |
front 74 Peritonitis | back 74 an inflammation of the perioneum that occurs from a variety of causes. |
front 75 common causes of peritonitis | back 75 a ruptured appendix, peptic ulcer, gangrenous gallbladder, perforated colon, pancreatitis, peritoneal dialysis, diverticulitis, incarcerated hernia, or gangrenous small bowel |
front 76 peritonitis S/S | back 76 decreased peristalsis results in bloating, full feeling, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, and no bowel movement or flatus |
front 77 S/S of diverticulitis | back 77 most people have no symptoms. steady or crampy pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen is the most common symptom. nausea, vomiting, and bowel habit changes with constipation can occur; other symptoms may include bleeding, fever, and fatigue |
front 78 cholecystitis | back 78 an inflammation of the gallbladder |
front 79 cholelithiasis aka cholecystolithiasis | back 79 the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder |
front 80 choledocholithiasis | back 80 refers to gallstones within the common bile duct. |
front 81 the nephron is the basic unit of the kidney T/F | back 81 true |
front 82 creatine normal | back 82 0.5-1.2 |
front 83 specific grvaity | back 83 1.005-1.03 -the lower, excessive fluid intake -the higher, dehydration- heart failure or shock |
front 84 ribrofavin | back 84 bright yellow urine |
front 85 IV contrast or dye, which labs should you get done | back 85 BUN and creatine so you dont hurt the kidney |
front 86 oliguria | back 86 decreased urine output |
front 87 anuria | back 87 absence of urine |
front 88 polyuria | back 88 increased urine output |
front 89 nacturia | back 89 excess urination at night |
front 90 pyuria | back 90 puss in urine |
front 91 always collect cultures before antibiotics T/F | back 91 True |
front 92 which lab is going to tell you how the kidneys are functionign | back 92 creatine |
front 93 BUN. | back 93 10-30 |
front 94 ALT NORMAL | back 94 7-56 |
front 95 AST NORMAL | back 95 10-40 |
front 96 creatine | back 96 90-120 |
front 97 Pylogram | back 97 imaging of renal pelvis, calyces, ureter. -labs needed bun and creatine |
front 98 Renal Angiography | back 98 visualizes renal blood vessels -checking the distal pulses in the legs every 30-60 minutes with vital signs -do not bend the leg or raise head of bed (more than 45 degrees) |
front 99 Cystoscopy | back 99 scope that goes up through the bladder -local or sedation for the patient |
front 100 Is contrast that's instilled dangerous or safe? | back 100 dangerous can shut the kidneys down |
front 101 stress incontience | back 101 involuntary urine loss from increasing abdominal pressure |
front 102 urge inconteience | back 102 involuntary urine loss with abrupt/ strong desire to void |
front 103 disability- associated incontience | back 103 inability to get to toilet due to health/ environment barrier |
front 104 overflow incontience | back 104 involuntary loss of urine , associated with bladder over distention |
front 105 total incocnitence | back 105 loss of urine |
front 106 azotemia | back 106 to much nitrogen and creatine / waste products in the blood |
front 107 cysitis -aka honeymoon cystitis | back 107 inflammation of the bladder wall |
front 108 Pylelonephritis | back 108 kidney infection -hgiher risk for sepsis |
front 109 lithotripsy | back 109 no data |