Organic Molecules/Compounds Flashcards

sugars and starches, used as fuel and store energy

store energy

phospholipids (are on cell membrane)

steroids( include several hormones(male and female hormones)

composed of amino acids- sub proteins

Have nitrogen- bi product of broken down protein

responsible for building and repairing tissue

keeps everything where they belong

RNA- Ribonucleic Acid: Important in process of making proteins

DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid: Makes up genes(hereditary material) contains instructions for making proteins

All the chemical reactions that take place in cells

making large molecules from small ones

breaking down large molecules into small ones

Break everything down

if it ends in ase, this is what it is

obtain energy from food molecules as a result of catabolic reactions

Example: uses glucose and oxygen

the chemical used to transfer the energy to the places that need it

A membrane that lets some things pass through, but blocks others.

Can move water

Cannot move large particles

building blocks of all living things

protective protein covering

allows things in and out of the cell(selectively permeable)

keeps substances from crossing

act as channels so things can pass across membrane

Also ID markers so can tell who the cell comes from

Passive transport requires no extra form of energy to complete

Diffusion

movement of a substance of higher concentration travels to an area of lesser concentration

Moves particles

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane movement from lesser concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

moves water across membrane

Filtration

passage of material by mechanical pressure. Determined by size of holes in filter. This is how high BP can cause edema

requires addition of energy to make it happen

cell uses come of stored energy(ATP) Has to be able to pump substance against concentration gradient

A process where certain white blood cells engulf (eat) and destroy germs or debris.

Chemical->cellular-> tissue-> organ-> system

gel like substance composed of water, nutrients, and electrolytes; holds organelles

"brain of the cell" dictates the activities of the organelles in the cell

contains DNA( blueprints, specifications, for the creation of new cells; genes) chromosomes

Major function is to synthesize the ribonucleic acid RNA that forms ribosomes

assists in making enzymes and other protein substances needed for cell repair and reproduction

Tiny Bean shaped power plant

First type

Rough endoplasmic reticulum(contains ribosomes)

responsible for synthesizing(making) proteins

makes lipids and steroids

contains powerful enzymes that take care of cleaning up intracellular debris and other waste

Destroys harmful bacteria by phagocytosis

provides shape

whip shaped tails that move some cells

example: sperm

hair like projections that move particles using a wavelike motion

example: respiratory track has them

gives the body shape

Cell reproduction(cell division)- making new cells

when the nucleus and cytoplasm divide

division of nuclear material, copying all the chromosomes (46) and dividing them equally between the new cells

division of cytoplasm and organelles

when developing sperm and ova undergo a special process before growing completely up they half the number of chromosomes

Program cell death

overproduction of cells, condition may alter the way cells produce

reproduce rapidly

can be harmful or harmless

infectious particles surrounded with a protective protein coat cannot grow, eat, or reproduce by themselves

Must enter another cell and hijak that cell to grow and reproduce

the plural form of fungus, can be a one cell or multicell organism

Example: Athletes foot

one celled organism found in water and soil

disease caused by swallowing them or from being bitten by insects that carry them in their body

covers and lines, tightly packed cells forming a sheet, No blood vessels, well innervated, has top and bottom, classified by shape

Pancakes

dice

columns

single layer

multiple

false

forms membrane sheet like structures throughout the body perform special functions

has a layer of epithelial tissue and a specialized connective tissue on the bottom

skin; covers body surfance

double layered membrane: lines body cavities

potential space between layers

covers organ surface

organs protruding out of wound

lines body cavities

lines tubes exposed to outside of body and secrete muscous

Most common, joins together- supports/protects

Mechanical support, nutrient storage, fluid storage, defense

soft, weblike tissue

tightly packed fibers in matrix

cells in holes in gel-like matrix

cells in liquid matrix

cells in holes in calcium matrix

in joints & secretes lubrication fluid

provides movement in and out of the body, can shorten itself(contract)

Striated/cylindrical

attached to bones; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

Striated/branched

walls of the heart; involuntary

not striated(smooth)

walls of tubes and hollow organs; involuntary

digestive tract, colon, uterus, and blood vessels lined with this

controls system

conduct information

meninges

myelin sheath

make up body systems

results of two or more types of tissue organizing to accomplish something that the tissues cannot do on their own

formed by organs that work together to accomplish something more complex than what a single organ can do on its own. Interrelated with each other

Main components: bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage

provides support and structure to the body, protects organs, provides movement, stores a variety of minerals, produce blood cells

movement purposeful by person- skeletal muscle

movement without thought, smooth muscle or cardiac muscle. In blood vessels, airways, and organs

first line of protection; skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands,

temperature regulation, sense of touch, glands: help lubricate(sweat glands/oil glands) and waterproof skin and inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria, production of vitamin D when exposed to sunlight(healthy bones)

Main parts: spinal cord, brain, peripheral nerves, and nerve cells

receiving messages(sensory input)

processing and interpreting messages

acting on messages(motor output)

acts as control center for virtually all of the bodys organs

release chemical hormones circulated through blood to regulate metabolic processes

hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads, plus a large variety of hormones

main transportation system to each cell of our body

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood vessels

supplies the cells with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

filters, warms, and moistens the air we breath

mucous lining of the airway helps trap foreign particles and germs

maintains the acid base balance

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, and alveoli

move things in and out