front 1 Carbohydrates | back 1 sugars and starches, used as fuel and store energy |
front 2 Lipids(fats) | back 2 store energy phospholipids (are on cell membrane) steroids( include several hormones(male and female hormones) |
front 3 Proteins | back 3 composed of amino acids- sub proteins Have nitrogen- bi product of broken down protein responsible for building and repairing tissue keeps everything where they belong |
front 4 Nucleic acids | back 4 RNA- Ribonucleic Acid: Important in process of making proteins DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid: Makes up genes(hereditary material) contains instructions for making proteins |
front 5 Metabolism | back 5 All the chemical reactions that take place in cells |
front 6 Anabolism | back 6 making large molecules from small ones |
front 7 Catabolism | back 7 breaking down large molecules into small ones |
front 8 Enzymes do what? | back 8 Break everything down if it ends in ase, this is what it is |
front 9 Cellular respiration cells | back 9 obtain energy from food molecules as a result of catabolic reactions Example: uses glucose and oxygen |
front 10 ATP | back 10 the chemical used to transfer the energy to the places that need it |
front 11 semipermeable membrane | back 11 A membrane that lets some things pass through, but blocks others. Can move water Cannot move large particles |
front 12 Cells | back 12 building blocks of all living things |
front 13 Cell Membrane(plasma membrane) different shapes and sizes | back 13 protective protein covering allows things in and out of the cell(selectively permeable) |
front 14 Composition(phospholipid) | back 14 keeps substances from crossing |
front 15 Proteins | back 15 act as channels so things can pass across membrane Also ID markers so can tell who the cell comes from |
front 16 Transport Methods | back 16 Passive transport requires no extra form of energy to complete |
front 17 Type of Transport | back 17 Diffusion movement of a substance of higher concentration travels to an area of lesser concentration Moves particles |
front 18 Type of transport | back 18 Osmosis Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane movement from lesser concentration to an area of higher solute concentration moves water across membrane |
front 19 Type of Transport | back 19 Filtration passage of material by mechanical pressure. Determined by size of holes in filter. This is how high BP can cause edema |
front 20 active transport | back 20 requires addition of energy to make it happen |
front 21 active transport pumps | back 21 cell uses come of stored energy(ATP) Has to be able to pump substance against concentration gradient |
front 22 phagocytosis | back 22 A process where certain white blood cells engulf (eat) and destroy germs or debris. |
front 23 The body is organized in levels of stages | back 23 Chemical->cellular-> tissue-> organ-> system |
front 24 Cytoplasm | back 24 gel like substance composed of water, nutrients, and electrolytes; holds organelles |
front 25 Nucleus | back 25 "brain of the cell" dictates the activities of the organelles in the cell |
front 26 Nucleus | back 26 contains DNA( blueprints, specifications, for the creation of new cells; genes) chromosomes |
front 27 Nucleolus | back 27 Major function is to synthesize the ribonucleic acid RNA that forms ribosomes |
front 28 Ribosomes | back 28 assists in making enzymes and other protein substances needed for cell repair and reproduction |
front 29 Mitochandria | back 29 Tiny Bean shaped power plant |
front 30 Endoplasmic Reticulum | back 30 First type Rough endoplasmic reticulum(contains ribosomes) responsible for synthesizing(making) proteins |
front 31 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | back 31 makes lipids and steroids |
front 32 Lysosomes | back 32 contains powerful enzymes that take care of cleaning up intracellular debris and other waste Destroys harmful bacteria by phagocytosis |
front 33 Cyroskeleton | back 33 provides shape |
front 34 Flagella | back 34 whip shaped tails that move some cells example: sperm |
front 35 Cilia | back 35 hair like projections that move particles using a wavelike motion example: respiratory track has them |
front 36 Skeleton | back 36 gives the body shape |
front 37 Mitosis | back 37 Cell reproduction(cell division)- making new cells |
front 38 Miotic phase | back 38 when the nucleus and cytoplasm divide |
front 39 Mitosis | back 39 division of nuclear material, copying all the chromosomes (46) and dividing them equally between the new cells |
front 40 cytokinesis | back 40 division of cytoplasm and organelles |
front 41 meiosis | back 41 when developing sperm and ova undergo a special process before growing completely up they half the number of chromosomes |
front 42 Apoptosis | back 42 Program cell death |
front 43 cancer cells | back 43 overproduction of cells, condition may alter the way cells produce |
front 44 Bacteria | back 44 reproduce rapidly can be harmful or harmless |
front 45 Viruses | back 45 infectious particles surrounded with a protective protein coat cannot grow, eat, or reproduce by themselves Must enter another cell and hijak that cell to grow and reproduce |
front 46 Fungi | back 46 the plural form of fungus, can be a one cell or multicell organism Example: Athletes foot |
front 47 Protozoa | back 47 one celled organism found in water and soil disease caused by swallowing them or from being bitten by insects that carry them in their body |
front 48 Epithelial tissue protects | back 48 covers and lines, tightly packed cells forming a sheet, No blood vessels, well innervated, has top and bottom, classified by shape |
front 49 Squamous cell | back 49 Pancakes |
front 50 cuboidal | back 50 dice |
front 51 columnar | back 51 columns |
front 52 simple | back 52 single layer |
front 53 stratisfied | back 53 multiple |
front 54 pseudostrastifed | back 54 false |
front 55 Epithelial tissue | back 55 forms membrane sheet like structures throughout the body perform special functions |
front 56 Mucous membranes | back 56 has a layer of epithelial tissue and a specialized connective tissue on the bottom |
front 57 Cutaneous | back 57 skin; covers body surfance |
front 58 Serous | back 58 double layered membrane: lines body cavities potential space between layers |
front 59 visceral | back 59 covers organ surface |
front 60 eviscerate | back 60 organs protruding out of wound |
front 61 Parietal | back 61 lines body cavities |
front 62 mucous | back 62 lines tubes exposed to outside of body and secrete muscous |
front 63 Connective Tissue | back 63 Most common, joins together- supports/protects |
front 64 Functions of connective tissue | back 64 Mechanical support, nutrient storage, fluid storage, defense |
front 65 Loose connective tissue | back 65 soft, weblike tissue |
front 66 Dense Connective tissue | back 66 tightly packed fibers in matrix |
front 67 Cartilage tissue | back 67 cells in holes in gel-like matrix |
front 68 Blood | back 68 cells in liquid matrix |
front 69 bones | back 69 cells in holes in calcium matrix |
front 70 synovial membrane | back 70 in joints & secretes lubrication fluid |
front 71 Muscle tissue | back 71 provides movement in and out of the body, can shorten itself(contract) |
front 72 Skeletal Muscle tissue | back 72 Striated/cylindrical attached to bones; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT |
front 73 Cardiac Muscle tissue | back 73 Striated/branched walls of the heart; involuntary |
front 74 Smooth Muscle tissue | back 74 not striated(smooth) walls of tubes and hollow organs; involuntary digestive tract, colon, uterus, and blood vessels lined with this |
front 75 Nervous tissue | back 75 controls system |
front 76 Neurons | back 76 conduct information |
front 77 Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord are called | back 77 meninges |
front 78 Nerves have an insulating layer called | back 78 myelin sheath |
front 79 Ograns | back 79 make up body systems results of two or more types of tissue organizing to accomplish something that the tissues cannot do on their own |
front 80 Systems | back 80 formed by organs that work together to accomplish something more complex than what a single organ can do on its own. Interrelated with each other |
front 81 Skeletal System | back 81 Main components: bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage |
front 82 Skeletal systems functions | back 82 provides support and structure to the body, protects organs, provides movement, stores a variety of minerals, produce blood cells |
front 83 Muscular system Voluntary muscles | back 83 movement purposeful by person- skeletal muscle |
front 84 Muscular system Involuntary muscle | back 84 movement without thought, smooth muscle or cardiac muscle. In blood vessels, airways, and organs |
front 85 Integumentary system | back 85 first line of protection; skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, |
front 86 integumentary system functions | back 86 temperature regulation, sense of touch, glands: help lubricate(sweat glands/oil glands) and waterproof skin and inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria, production of vitamin D when exposed to sunlight(healthy bones) |
front 87 Nervous system | back 87 Main parts: spinal cord, brain, peripheral nerves, and nerve cells |
front 88 Main functions of Nervous System are | back 88 receiving messages(sensory input) processing and interpreting messages acting on messages(motor output) |
front 89 Endocrine system | back 89 acts as control center for virtually all of the bodys organs |
front 90 endorcine glands | back 90 release chemical hormones circulated through blood to regulate metabolic processes |
front 91 Parts of the endocrine system | back 91 hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads, plus a large variety of hormones |
front 92 The cardiovascular(circulatory) system is | back 92 main transportation system to each cell of our body Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood vessels |
front 93 The respiratory system functions | back 93 supplies the cells with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide filters, warms, and moistens the air we breath mucous lining of the airway helps trap foreign particles and germs maintains the acid base balance |
front 94 Parts of the respiratory system | back 94 pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, and alveoli |
front 95 alveoil | back 95 move things in and out |