Element
the smallest unit that retains the unique chemical properties of that specific type of matter
Atoms
The smallest particles of elements that still maintain all the characteristics of that element
Two or more atoms joined together for a
molecule
Molecules with more than one type of element are known as
compounds
The human body is made of six major elements
oxygen 65%, carbon 18%, hydrogen 10%, nitrogen 3%, calcium 1.5%, and phosphorus 1%
The minor elements the human body is made of
potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium
Atoms consist of a
nucleus
nucleus contains protons that are
positively charged particles
nucleus contains neutrons that are
neutral particles
The nucleus is surrounded by
electrons, negatively charged particles
Acid
a chemical substance that can release hydrogen ions
Nucleus
control center of the cell
An atom +atom =
Molecule
Ions
Electrically charged atom
Acid
chemical substance when dissolved in water it releases hydrogen ions
Reacts with other atoms which can potentially harm the body
Hydrogen ions
Bases
Can accept hydrogen ions
PH
measures the concentration of hydrogen ions
Acidic
0-6.9
Neutral
7
Anything above 7 is considered
alkaline(basic)
8-9 is considered
slightly alkaline
10-11 is considered
moderately alkaline
12-14 is considered
strongly alkaline
The solute is
What is dissolved
The solvent is
the dissolver
Concentration is
amount of solute in solution
Isotonic
concentration is equal to surrounding environment
place cell in this solution it stays the same
NORMAL CONCENTRATION
Normal Saline
Hypotonic
concentration is weaker that surroundings
Place cell in this solution it will hemolyze(swell)
WEAK CONCENTRATION
Hypertonic
Concentration is stronger than surrounding
Place cell in this solution it will crenate(shrink)
STRONG CONCENTRATION
You would use an isotonic solution if someone needed
hydrating, when placing this in the vein it just makes more volume in the vein...Does not shift anywhere
Hypertonic Solutions would like to wish
lower the movement of water causing the fluid to shift out of the blood and into the cells and interstitial spaces
Water moves into the cell