Anatomy
is the study of form and structure of the body
Physiology
examines how the body functions
Form and Functions are interrelated
...
cytology
study of body cells and their internal strcuture
histology
study of tissue
gross (macroscopic) anatamoy
investigates structures visible to the unaided eye
form _____ and function _____ are interrelated
anatomy, physiology
form follow ______
function
a physiologist must understand ______ in order to understand function
anatomic structure
what are the characteristics of living things
- organization
- metabolism
- growth and development
- additional characteristics (responsiveness, homeostasis, reproduction)
organization
living things exhibit _________ structure and order
complex
metabolism
the sum of all ______ reactions in the body
chemical
anabolism
small molecules joined to form larger ones
catabolism
large molecules broken down into smaller ones
what happens if catabolism works harder than anabolism?
you will end up with a bunch of little pieces
organisms assimilate materials from the _______________
environment, grow and develop
example: food, nutrients
responsiveness
ability to sense and react to stimuli
example: temperature
regulation
ability to adjust internal bodily function to accommodate environment changes
homeostasis
ability to maintain stable structure and function
example: blood sugar, blood pressure
reproduction
production of new cells for growth, maintenance and repair
levels of organization (simplest to most complex)
- chemical
- cellular
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organismal
chemical level of organization
atoms and molecules
cellular level of organization
basic units of life
tissue level of organization
similar cells with common function
organ level of organization
two or more tissues working together
organ system level of organization
related organs working together
organismal level of organization
all systems functioning together
Anatomical Position- the standard reference position of the body
body is upright stance, feet parallel and flat, arms at the side of the body, palms facing anteriorly, head level and eyes looking forward
section
an actual cut or slice of the body
plane
a imaginary flat surface
coronal (frontal) plane
divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
transverse plane
divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)
midsagittal plane
divides body into equal left and right halves (median/middle)
saggital plane
divides body into unequal portions
oblique plane
passes through the body at tan angle