Abnormal Psych Exam 4 Quizlet Questions Flashcards

The set of uniquely expressed characteristics that influence behaviors, emotions, thoughts, & interactions that is unique to each individual is termed:

a. trait
b. character
c. personality
d. individuality

The consistencies of one's characteristics are called:

a. inherited characteristics
b. learned responses
c. personality traits
d. personality typologies

An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience & outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, &/or capacity for intimacy is termed:

a. personality
b. personality traits
c. personality characteristics
d. personality disorder

The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that:

a. disorders of thought, perception, & attention are present
b. the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness
c. they are inflexible, maladaptive, & related to impaired functioning or distress
d. they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people

DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing a:

a. systematical approach
b. categorical approach
c. dimensional approach
d. phrenological approach

One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals:

a. enjoy their symptoms & do not seek change
b. are frequently unaware that they have a problem
c. experience no distress & do not want treatment
d. have accompanying mood disorders that must be treated first

Comorbidity described a situation in which:

a. one disorder develops into another
b. one disorder automatically implies the other
c. two disorders occur together in an individual
d. the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the one that preceded it

Which is NOT the name used for a cluster of personality disorders?

a. odd
b. dramatic
c. anxious
d. schizophrenic

What is a phrenologist?

a. a person who assessed personality by feeling for bumps & indentations on the head
b. a researcher who argue that personality disorders should not be categorized
b. a therapist who treated personality disorders using didactic behavioral therapy
d. a modern day psychoanalytical therapist

Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the odd cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type. Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the dramatic cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when the variety of structured interview is used, one would say that structured interview has

a. surface validity
b. construct validity
c. low reliability
d. high reliability

Reese is distrustful of others & reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:

a. avoidant personality disorder
b. paranoid personality disorder
c. narcissistic personality disorder
d. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A person experience paranoid personality disorder frequently says things like, "You've got to get them before they get you," & "People have been sinners since the Garden of Eden." If these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions the person has about people in general, the theorists who would be LEAST surprised would have which theoretical position?

a. cognitive-behavioral
b. biological
c. sociocultural
d. psychodynamic

Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other odd personality disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and:

a. stress disorders
b. mood disorders
c. anxiety disorders
d. intellectual disorders

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on TV, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day & so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:

a. schizoid personality disorder
b. avoidant personality disorder
c. paranoid personality disorder
d. schizotypal personality disorder

Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he:

a. fit the diagnostic category of histrionic personality disorder
b. displayed a combination of features from many personality disorders
c. did not fit any of the personality disorders
d. did not appear to have a mental disorder

Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting & sold stock in his company for only $5 per share. He showed pictures of the mine & said the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turn out, he was a terrific con artist who had several successful proposals such as this in towns across American in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from:

a. paranoid personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. narcissistic personality disorder
d. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Hailee respects none of society's boundaries & is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the consequences of her actions. She MOST probably experience:

a. schizoid personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. histrionic personality disorder
d. schizotypal personality disorder

The 2 childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial personality disorder are:

a. depression & withdrawal
b. schizophrenia & bipolar disorder
c. mental retardation
d. conduct disorder & ADHD

The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment & the use of power to form relationships. This is most likely believed by _____ therapists.

a. cognitive-behavioral
b. biological
c. humanistic
d. psychodynamic

The fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling parental conflict & aggressiveness provides support for:

a. psychodynamic theory
b. behavioral theory
c. both psychodynamic & behavioral theories
d. neither psychodynamic nor behavioral theories

A young boy's parents constantly tell him to "Be a man!" whenever he is in conflict with friends. In turn, his parents themselves often act aggressively toward each other & toward him. The theorist who would BEST be able to explain an adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for this boy would be a _____ theorist.

a. behavioral
b. humanistic
c. biological
d. psychodynamic

Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn & defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is most like a _____ view.

a. cognitive
b. biological
c. behavioral
d. psychodynamic

Janna says "There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand other people, & I can't stand myself either. I'm just really mad right now." She likely has which personality disorder?

a. borderline
b. antisocial
c. narcissistic
d. paranoid

What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder?

a. they may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves
b. they finally cannot care for themselves
c. they voluntarily ask for hospitalization, out of desperation
d. they are so afraid of leaving their homes that they suffer social paralysis

Gort's parents never quite liked him & probably did not want children in the first place. He just was not accepted. It was clear early in school that Gort had a low opinion of himself & did not know how to interact with other children. Now he cuts himself & has been to the ER several times. This is a description of the possible development of:

a. histrionic personality disorder
b. avoidant personality disorder
c. schizoid personality disorder
d. borderline personality disorder

A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives?

a. Yes. Drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy & are less expensive
b. Yes. Drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy but are expensive
c. It might work, but only if the client is not suicidal
d. No. Drugs should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

"Beatlemania" gripped the US in the 1960s, when the British rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, & shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group. These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristic of:

a. histrionic personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. schizoid personality disorder
d. narcissistic personality disorder

"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly & often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the MOST appropriate diagnosis would be:

a. histrionic personality disorder
b. narcissistic personality disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder
d. impulse-control personality disorder

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, & ignored feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing:

a. schizoid personality disorder & will not make much progress in therapy
b. schizoid personality disorder & will make a great deal of progress in therapy
c. narcissistic personality disorder & will not make much progress in therapy
d. narcissistic personality disorder & will make a great deal of progress in thearpy

Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant personality disorder usually:

a. are very sensitive to criticism
b. avoid close relationships
c. are very sensitive to criticism & avoid close relationships
d. are indifferent to criticism & seek out close relationships

Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to:

a. schizophrenia
b. social anxiety
c. mania
d. eating disorder

If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing:

a. social phobia
b. avoidant personality disorder
c. both social phobia & avoidance personality disorder
d. a personality disorder from the dramatic cluster

According to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the development of avoidant personality disorder is:

a. an early sense of guilt
b. early experiences of shame
c. lack of development of trust
d. an inability to express anger

A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello; how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background?

a. psychodynamic
b. biological
c. cognitive-behavioral
d. sociocultural

Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder, mainly because group therapy:

a. allows those in the group to see that others have avoidant personality disorder, too
b. involves an electric combination of theoretical approaches
c. provides practice in social interaction
d. requires attendance at therapy sessions

People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty _____ relationships, whereas people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty _____ relationships.

a. initiating; ending
b. ending; initiating
c. ending; maintaining
d. seeking; initiating

A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, & friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend & on an academic major. This student's behavior is:

a. typical of those with dependent personality disorder
b. typical of those who will develop dependent personality disorder
c. normal for those in high school
d. reflective of an anxiety disorder, not of dependent personality disorder

If parents excessively reinforce clinging & punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of:

a. paranoid personality disorder
b. borderline personality disorder
c. dependent personality disorder
d. narcissistic personality disorder

A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, & who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who should be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation?

a. sociocultural
b. cognitive-behavioral
c. humanistic
d. psychodynamic

"Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the time, along with "You shouldn't & can't do it on your own, so don't even try." A cognitive-behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood?

a. narcissistic
b. antisocial
c. avoidant
d. dependent

"Group therapy is a good option for those with dependent personality disorder; they'll be able to observe others' coping skills & model them." This statement would MOST likely be made by a therapist having which theoretical perspective?

a. psychodyanmic
b. cognitive-behavioral
c. sociocultural
d. biological

A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnosis for several clients. In fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their diagnosis. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are:

a. both reliable & valid
b. neither reliable nor valid
c. reliable, but not valid
c. not reliable, but valid

Which is NOT a problem in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders?

a. the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used
b. people who act very differently may require the same diagnosis
c. there is considerable overlap of symptoms across many categories
d. sometimes the diagnostician must try to figure out why a person does something

"Let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system." Someone saying this would MOST likely favor which approach to classifying personality disorders?

a. the traditional DSM-5 approach
b. a psychodynamic approach
c. a cognitive-behavioral approach
d. a dimensional approach

"The client scores low on extroversion & agreeableness but high on neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to me." The therapist being quoted is using what instrument to make the diagnosis?

a. the Big 5 personality test
b. supertrait theory
c. a 200-statement test, which each statement rated on a 1-to-7 scale
d. a dichotomizing test

Surveys show that _____ is a common experience for close to 1/2 of all children in the US

a. worry
b. depression
c. anxiety
d. substance abuse

A large survey of parents & their children shows that parents:

a. believe children are more concerned about school than children actually are
b. believe the greatest worry children have is about their physical appearance
c. generally underestimate how worried their children are
d. are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's worries

A particular concern among children & adolescents is:

a. racism
b. peer pressure to have sex
c. bullying
d. peer pressure to try alcohol

For which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?

a. generalized anxiety disorder
b. social anxiety disorder
c. phobias
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

The typical child may not realized that the thoughts & beliefs of others are different from theirs or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore:

a. the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms
b. children do not experience phobias
c. a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder
d. anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence

Behavioral & somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, & stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders in:

a. female children rather than in male children
b. adolescents rather than in children
c. children rather than in adults
d. children of former generation rather than of the present generation

A child does almost everything with her mother & seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches & wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:

a. agroaphobia
b. bipolar disorder
c. dependent personality disorder
d. separation anxiety disorder

A similarity among children with separation anxiety & those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school & often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnosis is that:

a. if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover
b. separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, whereas school refusal does not
c. in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school
d. school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, & fears of objects at school

A child whose therapist asks him to draw pictures about his life & then introduces games & stories to help the child work through his conflicts & change his emotions & behaviors is MOST likely receiving:

a. cognitive therapy
b. classroom therapy
c. insight therapy
d. play therapy

Hormonal changes, life demands, & body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why:

a. postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys
b. children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults
c. younger children have higher rates of depression than do older children
d. depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatments for Adolescents with Depression Study) produced 3 major surprises. Which is NOT true about the study's findings?

a. a combination of antidepressant medication & cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective
b. cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment
c. antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone
d. the danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized & is not that significant

The main concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children &, in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is the use of:

a. cognitive-behavioral therapy
b. family therapy
c. adult medications
d. psychodynamic therapy

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that:

a. children display depression, but adults generally do not
b. children display more symptoms of mania than adults do
c. a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder
d. children display rage & aggression rather than mania

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

a. eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder
b. creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
c. not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18
d. dividing bipolar disorder into 2 categories, 1 with & 1 without rage

A child is openly hostile toward his parents. He argues with them constantly & will not do anything they say. They cannot control him. The diagnosis he is MOST likely to receive is:

a. conduct disorder
b. juvenile delinquency
c. oppositional defiant disorder
d. ADHD

Boys & girls have about the same % chance of being diagnosed with:

a. oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal
b. oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal
c. conduct disorder if they are prepubertal
d. conduct disorder if they are postpubertal

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting & in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive & has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

a. oppositional defiant disorder
b. ADHD
c. conduct disorder
d. antisocial personality disorder

A child sneaks out of the home every now & then & goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations & scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?

a. overt-destructive
b. overt-nondestructive
c. covert-destructive
d. covert-nondestructive

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?

a. overt-destructive
b. overt-ondestructive
c. covert-destructive
d. covert-nondestructive

Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among:

a. girls diagnosed with conduct disorder
b. boys diagnosed with conduct disorder
c. boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder
d. girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder

Jordan is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive & repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism & ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:

a. conduct disorder
b. juvenile delinquency
c. passive-aggressive disorder
d. oppositional defiant disorder

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with:

a. a genetic or hormonal predisposition
b. a history of child abuse
c. troubled parent-child relationships
d. poverty

An intervention in which parents & their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting & rewarding desired behavior is called:

a. parent-interaction therapy
b. video modeling
c. parent management training
d. family-consequence sensitization

A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment for conduct disorder. Based on this information, you can be reasonably sure that:

a. the administration of a stimulant drug (Ritalin) is recommended, but not required
b. the child is a preschooler
c. the child is female
d. the intervention used are cogntivie-behavioral

A child with conduct problems participates in group sessions that teach her to manage her anger more effectively, view situations in perspective, solve problems, become aware of her emotions, build social skills, set goals, & handle peer pressure. This child is participating in:

a. the Anger Coping & Coping Power Program
b. experimental therapy
c. Scared Straight
d. Parents & Children Anonymous

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in _____ than in _____

a. boys; girls
b. girls; boys
c. adolescents; children
d. adults; children

Parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD ask what caused it. Based on current research, the BEST response is:

a. "It is probably due to a brain malformation that can be corrected with surgery."
b. "Family dysfunction & high levels of family stress cause ADHD."
c. "It results form the reactions of others to a child who is just an active child."
d. "Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors."

The 2 MOST common treatments for ADHD have been:

a. cognitive-behavioral & drug therapies
b . group therapy & sociotherapy
c. cognitive-behavioral & group therapy
d. insight therapy & Gestalt therapy

A female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job & has very limited communication skills. Her case is

a. very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, & their symptoms usually diminish substantially be early adulthood
b. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, & their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood
c. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, & their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood
d. common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, & their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the calls of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it MOST likely would be diagnosed with:

a. autism spectrum disorder
b. ADHD
c. intellectual disability
d. oppositional defiant disorder

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called:

a. echolalia
b. neologism
c. nominal aphasia
d. pronominal reversal

When a child with autism spectrum disorders says, "You want a drink," when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying:

a. self-stimulatory behavior
b. delayed echolalia
c. limited imagination
d. pronominal reversal

A child has autism spectrum disorder & does not like much variation in her life. She puts her toys on a shelf in a particular order & throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in her daily routine can set her off. This is an example of:

a. overstimulation
b. stimulus over selectivity
c. self-stimulatory behavior
d. preservation of sameness

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include:

a. brain abnormalities
b. personality characteristics of the parents
c. social status
d. environmental stress

Studies show that children with autism spectrum disorder are more likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain?

a. cerebral cortex
b. corpus callosum
c. cerebellum
d. hypothalamus

Studies evaluating the use of the cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce:

a. long-term gains in school achievement & intelligence test performance
b. only short-term gains in school achievement & intelligence test performance
c. long-term gains in school achievement but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance
d. only short-term gains in intelligence test performance

If you were trying to learn a new language & you could understand it better than you could speak it, you would be showing symptoms MOST like:

a. dyslexia
b. developmental coordination disorder
c. receptive language disorder
d. language disorder

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called:

a. dyslexia
b. perceptual deficit disorder
c. developmental coordination disorder
d. speech sound disorder

A child with a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder has difficulty with things like:

a. expressing himself in speech
b. reading a sentence from a book out loud
c. buttoning his shirt & dressing in general
d. listening to a teacher explain how to do a mathematics problem

Mild intellectual disability is MOST common in which socioeconomic class?

a. lower
b. middle
c. upper-middle
d. upper

About what % of those diagnosed with intellectual disability fall into the category of mild intellectual disability?

a. less than 105
b. 25%
c. 55%
d. 80-85%

Isabelle was born into a very poor family. Both parents have below-average IQs & are barely able to support & provide for themselves. Isabelle's nutrition & health care have never been very good. She is at risk for:

a. autism spectrum disorder
b. mild intellectual disability
c. attention-deficit disorder
d. severe intellectual disability

The % of individuals at the 4 levels of intellectual disability from milk to profound:

a. increases steadily as the intelligence level decreases
b. decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases
c. stays about the same as the intelligence level decreases
d. is highest for moderate intellectual disability

If one know nothing more than that a person with intellectual disability also had extensive & severe neurological dysfunction & physical handicaps, the MOST likely estimate of that person's level of intellectual disability would be:

a. mild
b. mild or moderate
c. moderate or severe
d. severe or profound

If a pregnant woman wished to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do?

a. avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established
b. avoid binge drinking, since only binge drinking is associated with FAS
c. drink no more than the equivalent of one ounce of alcohol per day
d. drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol per day

Most colleges & universities now require students to have a meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis can lead to:

a. cretinism
b. encephalitis
c. autism spectrum disorder
d. intellectual disability

In poor inner-city neighborhood, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual disability due to:

a. meningitis
b. enchephalitis
c. microcephaly
d. lead poisoning

MOST children in the US with intellectual disability live:

a. at home
b. in normalization residences
c. in relatively small, county-run institutions
d. in relatively large, state-run institutions

Nations that pioneered normalization in the treatment of intellectual disability include:

a. the US & Canada
b. the former Soviet Union & China
c. Japan & Great Britain
d. Denmark & Sweden

A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual disability. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, & goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her apartment & gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of:

a. deinstitutionalization
b. a normalization program
c. mainstreaming
d. special education

A child is in public school, but she is grouped with other low-IQ children like her. Sher & her classmates have a specially designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school. This is MOST likely an example of:

a. mainstreaming
b. special education
c. deinstitutionalization
d. a normalization program

The MOST feared psychological problem among the elderly is:

a. stress
b. loss of sexual function
c. Alzheimer's disease
d. alcoholism

Dementia is now classified as:

a. Alzheimer's disease
b. neurocognitive disorder
c. neuroleptic disorder
d. delirium disorder

The % of the US population today ages 65 & older is approximately:

a. 4%
b. 7%
c. 15%
d. 25%

Regarding old age, stress, & illness, which of these statements is NOT true?

a. most people over age 65 have 2 or more chronic illnesses
b. a large % of elderly people suffer from insomnia or other sleep problems
c. elderly people often contend with significant losses (such as death, sense of purpose, sensory ability)
d. most people over age 65 develop psychological disorders due to the stressors in their lives

A _____ is a person who specializes in the mental health of older persons.

a. cognitive-behavioral psychologist
b. mental health advocate
c. geropsychologist
d. developmental psychologist

Psychological disorders among the elderly can be divided into 2 groups:

a. personal losses & mental stress
b. the process of aging & disorder of cognition
c. environmental factors & genetic factors
d. physical problems & sensory problems

Compared with younger people, those older than 65 are:

a. more likely to experience depression, whether they living in nursing homes or not
b. about as likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home & more likely to experience depression if living in a nursing home
c. less likely to experience depression, whether they live in nursing homes or not

d. less likely to experience depression if living in a nursing home & more likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home

Regarding treatment of depression in the elderly, studies show that:

a. drug treatments may need to be altered because drugs are broken down differently in the older body
b. individual & group therapies are rarely used
c. electroconvulsive shock therapy is the treatment of choice
d. therapy is not effective most of the time

The MOST common anxiety disorder among the elderly is:

a. obsessive-compulsive disorder
b. agoraphobia
c. panic disorder
d. generalized anxiety disorder

Survey research shows that alcohol-related disorders affect about:

a. 15-20% of the elderly, more often men
b. 15-20% of the elderly, more often women
c. 3-7% of the elderly, more often men
d. 3-7% of the elderly, more often women

_____ is when people start abusing alcohol in their 50s & 60s, often in response to negative events & pressures of growing older.

a. late-onset alcoholism
b. early-onset alcoholism
c. geriatric alcohol abuse disorder
d. socially driven problem drinking

Among the elderly, psychotic cognitive symptoms are usually caused by:

a. schizophrenia
b. delirium & neurocognitive disorders
c. delusional disorders
d. depression

Helen falsely believes that others are conspiring against her, cheating her, or spying on her, & she behaves in angry, irritable, & depressed ways. Helen is exhibiting:

a. a delusional disorder
b. a cognitive disorder
c. delirium
d. acute anxiety

Which problem related to substance abuse is more typical among the elderly than other age groups?

a. alcohol use disorder
b. drinking in reaction to negative life events
c. misuse of prescription drugs
d. misuse of illicit drugs

Most elderly people with schizophrenia were initially diagnosed & treated for it:

a. when they were much younger
b. when they entered nursing homes
c. shortly after reaching old age
d. after they began living alone

An elderly person who develops false beliefs that are not bizarre is MOST likely suffering from:

a. delusional disorder
b. disorders of cognition
c. memory problems
d. sleep disorder

A rapidly developing acute disturbance in attention & orientation that makes it very difficult to concentrate & think in a clear & organized manner is:

a. delusional disorder
b. delirium
c. Alzheimer's disease
d. dissociative disorder

A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period & can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called:

a. neurocognitive disorder
b. delirium
c. delusional disorder
d. cognitive mapping

An individual with Alzheimer's disease is able to function independently. The MOST appropriate label for this person's condition is:

a. mild delirium
b. major delirium
c. mild neurocognitive disorder
d. major neurocognitive disorder

An individual with Alzheimer's disease is no longer able to function independently. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this person's condition is:

a. mild delirium
b. major delirium
c. mild neurcognitive disorder
d. major neurocognitive disorder

The MOST frequent type of neurocognitive disorder in the elderly is:

a. vascular
b. Parkinson's disease
c. Alzheimer's disease
d. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

If one examined a sample of brain tissue from a person who had died of Alzheimer's disease, is should show:

a. high concentration of acetylcholine
b. damage caused by lead & zinc poisoning
c. wide gaps between neurons & neuronal connections
d. many senile plaques & neurofibrillary tangles

Abnormal beta-amyloid protein activity is to _____, as abnormal tau protein activity is to _____.

a. tangles; plaques
b. plaques; tangles
c. genes; environment
d. environment; genes

Which statement is true regarding early-onset Alzheimer's disease?

a. it tends to run in families
b. it is triggered by environmental factors
c. it is not associated with an excess of senile plaques
d. it produces fewer cognitive impairments compared to late-onset Alzheimer's disease

The best evidence we have to date suggests that early-onset Alzheimer's disease is transmitted genetically in families that:

a. transmit mutations of certain protein-producing genes
b. have many members with the sporadic form of the disease
c. have no members with the disease but transmit genetically recessive traits
d. do not have a clear history of the disease

The prefrontal cortex is to ______, as the temporal lobes & diencephalon are to _____.

a. long-term memory; transferring information into short-term memory
b. short-term memory; transferring information into long-term memory
c. episodic memory; procedural memory
d. procedural memory; episodic memory

Other than an autopsy after death, the BEST way to diagnose the presence of Alzheimer's disease is by:

a. observing behavior to identify symptoms
b. searching for biomarkers
c. using a battery of physical agility tests
d. measuring increased activity levels in the hippocampus