front 1 The set of uniquely expressed characteristics that influence
behaviors, emotions, thoughts, & interactions that is unique to
each individual is termed: | back 1 personality |
front 2 The consistencies of one's characteristics are called: | back 2 personality traits |
front 3 An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience & outward behavior
that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity
for empathy, &/or capacity for intimacy is termed: | back 3 personality disorder |
front 4 The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: a. disorders of thought, perception, & attention are
present | back 4 they are inflexible, maladaptive, & related to impaired functioning or distress |
front 5 DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality
disorders utilizing a: | back 5 categorial approach |
front 6 One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is
that the afflicted individuals: | back 6 are frequently aware that they have a problem |
front 7 Comorbidity described a situation in which: | back 7 two disorders occur together in an individual |
front 8 Which is NOT the name used for a cluster of personality disorders? | back 8 schizophrenic |
front 9 What is a phrenologist? | back 9 a person who assesses personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the head |
front 10 Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the odd cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type. Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the dramatic cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when the variety of structured interview is used, one would say that structured interview has a. surface validity | back 10 low reliability |
front 11 Reese is distrustful of others & reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of: a. avoidant personality disorder | back 11 paranoid personality disorder |
front 12 A person experience paranoid personality disorder frequently says
things like, "You've got to get them before they get you,"
& "People have been sinners since the Garden of Eden."
If these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions the person has about
people in general, the theorists who would be LEAST surprised would
have which theoretical position? | back 12 cognitive behavioral |
front 13 Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other odd personality
disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and: | back 13 mood disorders |
front 14 When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on TV, she thinks that it
is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day
& so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable
personality disorder, it is MOST likely: | back 14 schizotypal personality disorder |
front 15 Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he: | back 15 displayed a combination of features from many personality disorders |
front 16 Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting & sold stock in his company for only $5 per share. He showed pictures of the mine & said the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turn out, he was a terrific con artist who had several successful proposals such as this in towns across American in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from: a. paranoid personality disorder | back 16 antisocial personality disorder |
front 17 Hailee respects none of society's boundaries & is insensitive to
other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider
the consequences of her actions. She MOST probably experience: | back 17 antisocial personality disorder |
front 18 The 2 childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial
personality disorder are: | back 18 conduct disorder and ADHD |
front 19 The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment &
the use of power to form relationships. This is most likely believed
by _____ therapists. | back 19 psychodynamic |
front 20 The fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling
parental conflict & aggressiveness provides support for: | back 20 behavioral theory |
front 21 A young boy's parents constantly tell him to "Be a man!"
whenever he is in conflict with friends. In turn, his parents
themselves often act aggressively toward each other & toward him.
The theorist who would BEST be able to explain an adult diagnosis of
antisocial personality disorder for this boy would be a _____ theorist. | back 21 behavioral |
front 22 Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may
inadvertently reinforce stubborn & defiant behavior, setting the
scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is
most like a _____ view. | back 22 behavioral |
front 23 Janna says "There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand
other people, & I can't stand myself either. I'm just really mad
right now." She likely has which personality disorder? | back 23 borderline |
front 24 What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with
borderline personality disorder? | back 24 they may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves |
front 25 Gort's parents never quite liked him & probably did not want children in the first place. He just was not accepted. It was clear early in school that Gort had a low opinion of himself & did not know how to interact with other children. Now he cuts himself & has been to the ER several times. This is a description of the possible development of: a. histrionic personality disorder | back 25 borderline personality disorder |
front 26 A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives? a. Yes. Drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus
psychotherapy & are less expensive | back 26 No. Drugs should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all |
front 27 "Beatlemania" gripped the US in the 1960s, when the British
rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes
fainted, & shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group.
These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristic of: | back 27 histrionic personality disorder |
front 28 "I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly &
often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he
were the greatest, the MOST appropriate diagnosis would be: | back 28 narcissistic personality disorder |
front 29 A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge
weaknesses, & ignored feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing: | back 29 narcissistic personality disorder & will not make much progress in therapy |
front 30 Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant
personality disorder usually: | back 30 are very sensitive to criticism and avoid closer relationships |
front 31 Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to: | back 31 social anxiety |
front 32 If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would
MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing: | back 32 avoidant personality disorder |
front 33 According to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the
development of avoidant personality disorder is: | back 33 early experiences of shame |
front 34 A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must
increase the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the
least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello; how are you
doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background? | back 34 cognitive-behavioral |
front 35 Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant
personality disorder, mainly because group therapy: | back 35 provides practice in social interactions |
front 36 People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty _____
relationships, whereas people with dependent personality disorder have
difficulty _____ relationships. | back 36 initiating; ending |
front 37 A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, &
friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend &
on an academic major. This student's behavior is: | back 37 normal for those in high school |
front 38 If parents excessively reinforce clinging & punish attempts at
independence, the result might be the development of: | back 38 dependent personality disorder |
front 39 A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, &
who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later
develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who should be
LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation? | back 39 cognitive behavioral |
front 40 "Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the
time, along with "You shouldn't & can't do it on your own, so
don't even try." A cognitive-behaviorist would say this kind of
upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality
disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood? | back 40 dependent |
front 41 "Group therapy is a good option for those with dependent
personality disorder; they'll be able to observe others' coping skills
& model them." This statement would MOST likely be made by a
therapist having which theoretical perspective? | back 41 cognitive-behavioral |
front 42 A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on
appropriate personality disorder diagnosis for several clients. In
fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made
their diagnosis. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this
situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are: | back 42 neither reliable nor valid |
front 43 Which is NOT a problem in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose
personality disorders? | back 43 the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used |
front 44 "Let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key
personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification
system." Someone saying this would MOST likely favor which
approach to classifying personality disorders? | back 44 a dimensional approach |
front 45 "The client scores low on extroversion & agreeableness but
high on neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to
me." The therapist being quoted is using what instrument to make
the diagnosis? | back 45 the Big 5 personality test |
front 46 Surveys show that _____ is a common experience for close to 1/2 of
all children in the US | back 46 worry |
front 47 A large survey of parents & their children shows that parents: | back 47 generally underestimate how worried their children are |
front 48 A particular concern among children & adolescents is: | back 48 bullying |
front 49 For which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to
be MOST similar to the adult pattern? | back 49 phobia |
front 50 The typical child may not realized that the thoughts & beliefs of
others are different from theirs or be able to anticipate future
negative events. Therefore: | back 50 the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms |
front 51 Behavioral & somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep
difficulties, & stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are
MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders in: | back 51 children rather than in adults |
front 52 A child does almost everything with her mother & seems extremely
anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches & wanting to go
home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely: | back 52 separation anxiety disorder |
front 53 A similarity among children with separation anxiety & those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school & often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnosis is that: a. if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally
recover | back 53 school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, & fears of objects at school |
front 54 A child whose therapist asks him to draw pictures about his life
& then introduces games & stories to help the child work
through his conflicts & change his emotions & behaviors is
MOST likely receiving: | back 54 play therapy |
front 55 Hormonal changes, life demands, & body dissatisfaction are all
reasons to explain why: | back 55 postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys |
front 56 The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatments for Adolescents with Depression Study) produced 3 major surprises. Which is NOT true about the study's findings? a. a combination of antidepressant medication &
cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective | back 56 the danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized & is not that significant |
front 57 The main concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in
children &, in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in
children is the use of: | back 57 adult medication |
front 58 Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder
differ from adult patterns in that: | back 58 children display rage & aggression rather than mania |
front 59 Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all
diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed
this concern by: | back 59 creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder |
front 60 A child is openly hostile toward his parents. He argues with them
constantly & will not do anything they say. They cannot control
him. The diagnosis he is MOST likely to receive is: | back 60 oppositional defiant disorder |
front 61 Boys & girls have about the same % chance of being diagnosed with: | back 61 oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal |
front 62 A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting & in hitting
neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive &
has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate
diagnosis for this child is: | back 62 conduct disorder |
front 63 A child sneaks out of the home every now & then & goes
through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations & scratching
car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder? | back 63 covert-destructive |
front 64 At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to
learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite
leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This
behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? | back 64 covert-nondestructive |
front 65 Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of
aggression MOST common among: | back 65 Girls diagnosed with conduct disorder |
front 66 Jordan is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive & repeatedly
takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to
try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism
& ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying: | back 66 juvenile deliquency |
front 67 Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with: | back 67 troubled parent-child relationships |
front 68 An intervention in which parents & their children who have been
diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting &
rewarding desired behavior is called: | back 68 parent management training |
front 69 A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment
for conduct disorder. Based on this information, you can be reasonably
sure that: | back 69 the intervention used are cognitive-behavioral |
front 70 A child with conduct problems participates in group sessions that
teach her to manage her anger more effectively, view situations in
perspective, solve problems, become aware of her emotions, build
social skills, set goals, & handle peer pressure. This child is
participating in: | back 70 scared straight |
front 71 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in _____ than
in _____ | back 71 boys; girls |
front 72 Parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD ask what caused it.
Based on current research, the BEST response is: | back 72 "Our best guess is that ADHD results form an interaction of several factors." |
front 73 The 2 MOST common treatments for ADHD have been: | back 73 cognitive-behavioral & drug therapies |
front 74 A female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job & has very limited communication skills. Her case is a. very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
are males, & their symptoms usually diminish substantially be
early adulthood | back 74 uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, & their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood |
front 75 The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates
the calls of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A
child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it
MOST likely would be diagnosed with: | back 75 autism spectrum disorder |
front 76 One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum
disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called: | back 76 echolalia |
front 77 When a child with autism spectrum disorders says, "You want a
drink," when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying: | back 77 pronominal reversal |
front 78 A child has autism spectrum disorder & does not like much
variation in her life. She puts her toys on a shelf in a particular
order & throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them. Any one
of several trivial changes in her daily routine can set her off. This
is an example of: | back 78 preservation of sameness |
front 79 The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary
causes of autism spectrum disorder include: | back 79 brain abnormalities |
front 80 Studies show that children with autism spectrum disorder are more
likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of
the brain? | back 80 cerebellum |
front 81 Studies evaluating the use of the cognitive-behavioral techniques in
the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that
cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce: | back 81 long-term gains in school achievement & intelligence test performance |
front 82 If you were trying to learn a new language & you could understand
it better than you could speak it, you would be showing symptoms MOST like: | back 82 language disorder |
front 83 A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected
based on the measure of general intelligence is called: | back 83 dyslexia |
front 84 A child with a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder has
difficulty with things like: | back 84 buttoning his shirt & dressing in general |
front 85 Mild intellectual disability is MOST common in which socioeconomic class? | back 85 lower |
front 86 About what % of those diagnosed with intellectual disability fall
into the category of mild intellectual disability? | back 86 80-85% |
front 87 Isabelle was born into a very poor family. Both parents have
below-average IQs & are barely able to support & provide for
themselves. Isabelle's nutrition & health care have never been
very good. She is at risk for: | back 87 mild intellectual disability |
front 88 The % of individuals at the 4 levels of intellectual disability from
milk to profound: | back 88 decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases |
front 89 If one know nothing more than that a person with intellectual
disability also had extensive & severe neurological dysfunction
& physical handicaps, the MOST likely estimate of that person's
level of intellectual disability would be: | back 89 severe or profound |
front 90 If a pregnant woman wished to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol
syndrome (FAS), what should she do? | back 90 avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established |
front 91 Most colleges & universities now require students to have a
meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis can lead to: | back 91 intellectual disability |
front 92 In poor inner-city neighborhood, children sometimes eat paint that is
flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual disability
due to: | back 92 lead poisoning |
front 93 MOST children in the US with intellectual disability live: | back 93 at home |
front 94 Nations that pioneered normalization in the treatment of intellectual
disability include: | back 94 Denmark & Sweden |
front 95 A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual disability. She
has her own apartment, dresses herself, & goes to the dining room,
where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a
sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her
apartment & gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of: | back 95 a normalization program |
front 96 A child is in public school, but she is grouped with other low-IQ
children like her. Sher & her classmates have a specially designed
program that is different from that of the other children in the
school. This is MOST likely an example of: | back 96 special education |
front 97 The MOST feared psychological problem among the elderly is: | back 97 Alzheimer's disease |
front 98 Dementia is now classified as: | back 98 neurocognitive disorder |
front 99 The % of the US population today ages 65 & older is approximately: | back 99 15% |
front 100 Regarding old age, stress, & illness, which of these statements
is NOT true? | back 100 most people over age 65 develop psychological disorders due to the stressors in their lives |
front 101 A _____ is a person who specializes in the mental health of older persons. | back 101 geropsychologist |
front 102 Psychological disorders among the elderly can be divided into 2 groups: | back 102 the process of aging & disorder of cognition |
front 103 Compared with younger people, those older than 65 are: d. less likely to experience depression if living in a nursing home & more likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home | back 103 about as likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home & more likely to experience depression if living in a nursing |
front 104 Regarding treatment of depression in the elderly, studies show that: | back 104 drug treatments may need to be altered because drugs are broken down differently in the older body |
front 105 The MOST common anxiety disorder among the elderly is: | back 105 generalized anxiety disorder |
front 106 Survey research shows that alcohol-related disorders affect about: | back 106 3-7% of the elderly, more often men |
front 107 _____ is when people start abusing alcohol in their 50s & 60s,
often in response to negative events & pressures of growing older. | back 107 late-onset alcoholism |
front 108 Among the elderly, psychotic cognitive symptoms are usually caused by: | back 108 delirium & neurocognitive disorders |
front 109 Helen falsely believes that others are conspiring against her,
cheating her, or spying on her, & she behaves in angry, irritable,
& depressed ways. Helen is exhibiting: | back 109 a delusional disorder |
front 110 Which problem related to substance abuse is more typical among the
elderly than other age groups? | back 110 misuse of prescription drugs |
front 111 Most elderly people with schizophrenia were initially diagnosed &
treated for it: | back 111 when they were much younger |
front 112 An elderly person who develops false beliefs that are not bizarre is
MOST likely suffering from: | back 112 delusional disorder |
front 113 A rapidly developing acute disturbance in attention & orientation
that makes it very difficult to concentrate & think in a clear
& organized manner is: | back 113 delirium |
front 114 A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period &
can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called: | back 114 delirium |
front 115 An individual with Alzheimer's disease is able to function
independently. The MOST appropriate label for this person's condition is: | back 115 mild neurocognitive disorder |
front 116 An individual with Alzheimer's disease is no longer able to function
independently. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this person's
condition is: | back 116 major neurocognitive disorder |
front 117 The MOST frequent type of neurocognitive disorder in the elderly is: | back 117 Alzheimer's disease |
front 118 If one examined a sample of brain tissue from a person who had died
of Alzheimer's disease, is should show: | back 118 damage caused by lead & zinc poisoning |
front 119 Abnormal beta-amyloid protein activity is to _____, as abnormal tau
protein activity is to _____. | back 119 plaques; tangles |
front 120 Which statement is true regarding early-onset Alzheimer's disease? | back 120 it tends to run in families |
front 121 The best evidence we have to date suggests that early-onset
Alzheimer's disease is transmitted genetically in families that: | back 121 transmit mutations of certain protein-producing genes |
front 122 The prefrontal cortex is to ______, as the temporal lobes &
diencephalon are to _____. | back 122 short-term memory; transferring information into long-term memory |
front 123 Other than an autopsy after death, the BEST way to diagnose the
presence of Alzheimer's disease is by: | back 123 measuring increased activity levels in the hippocampus |