The Skeletal System Flashcards

Technically organs; contain more than one type of tissue

206 total bones on average

Mostly osseous (bone) tissue; also cartilage, muscle, nervous, and epithelial tissue

Active connective tissue constantly breaking down, regenerating, and repairing itself

You need a new skeleton every 7–10 years

Function of the skeletal system

Ability to move around

Stores calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals

Needed to keep neurons going and muscles contracting

Maintain homeostasis

Regulating blood calcium levels

Hormone produced by bones

Regulates bone formation; protects against glucose intolerance and diabetes

Blood cell production

80 bones divided into the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

Carry other body parts; provide skeleton support; organ protection

Everything else

Bones that help us move around

Example: Fibula, Tibia

Bone shape type

Bone shape type

Bone shape type

Dense smooth external layer of bone

Another name for compact bone

Porous area of bone

Tiny cross-hatching supports in spongy bone

Help the bone resist stress

Found in spongy bone

Produces blood cells

Stores energy as fat

Tips of long bones where spongy bone and red marrow are concentrated

Long bone’s shaft

Hollow cavity in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow

Cylindrical, weight-bearing structures that run parallel to the bone’s axis

Tubes inside of tubes

Concentric (circular) tubes of osteons

Fill lamellae and run in the same direction

Neighboring lamellae run in different directions

Helps resist torsion stress

Hold nerves and blood vessels

Tiny spaces between layers of lamellae

Mature bone cells housed in lacunae

Monitor and maintain the bone matrix

Bone makers

Bone tissue starts off as cartilage

Collagen and enzymes that absorb calcium, phosphate, and other minerals

Minerals that crystallize to form bone matrix

1/3 mineral, 2/3 protein

Bone breakers

Process maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Osteocytes detect tiny fractures

Osteocytes release chemical signals to direct osteoclasts

Osteoclasts dissolve calcium phosphate and release components into the blood

Osteoblasts rebuild bone

Osteoclasts self-destruct

Stimulates bone remodeling and bone strength

Osteoclast resorption increases; osteoblast formation decreases

Meeting places between two or more bones

What joints are made of / material binding bones

Bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue; don’t move

Bones united by cartilage; don’t move very much

Type of cartilaginous joint

Type of cartilaginous joint

Freely moveable joints

Covers opposing bone surfaces

Bandlike structures in synovial joints

Space within synovial joint

Lubricant

Encloses synovial joint

Found in synovial joints

Gliding movement

Flat bone surface glides over another

Uniaxial movement

Bending that decreases joint angle

Bending that increases joint angle

Dangerous overextension

Biaxial movement

Movement away from the body

Movement toward the body

Circular movement

Multiaxial movement

Bone turns around its axis

Opposition movement

Supination and pronation

Rotation forward or anteriorly

Rotation backward or posteriorly

What joints do and how much they move

Non-moving joints

Partly-moving joints

Fully moveable joints

Mostly found in limbs

Outside skeleton

Inside skeleton

Supports and framework for movement

Protects vital organs

Storage of calcium and hematopoiesis

Support; storage of minerals and lipids; blood cell production; protection; leverage

Shape; internal tissue organization; bone markings

Shape of bones

Shape of bones

Shape of bones

Shape of bones

Diaphysis and epiphysis

Shaft with compact bone and medullary cavity

Wide ends; articulation with other bones; mostly spongy bone; covered with compact bone