According to the MyPlate system, bread, cereals, rice, and pasta should make up a little more than half of an individual's diet.
True
False
False
If more glucose is consumed than is needed, the glucose can be
converted to an essential amino acid so that protein synthesis can increase.
converted to acetyl CoA that is then used to synthesize triglycerides for storage.
broken down to 2 NADH molecules that can enter the citric acid cycle.
deaminated by the liver and sent to the kidney for excretion in the urine.
converted to acetyl CoA that is then used to synthesize triglycerides for storage.
Recommended daily allowances established by the Food and Nutrition Board are based on
individual needs and factor in sex, age, and body mass.
averages obtained from population studies.
averages obtained from population studies.
How do low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) move into cells?
LDLs diffuse through channels in the membrane.
LDLs are engulfed through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
LDLs diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer.
LDLs are transported through a pump that is also an ATPase.
LDLs are engulfed through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Most amino acids are essential amino acids.
True
False
False
Food labels are required by law to include the amount of cholesterol in each serving.
True
False
True
A nonessential amino acid is one that
is not used in any physiological functions.
can be made within the body.
has the same structure as one of the other amino acids.
needs to come from the diet.
can be made within the body.
Recommended daily allowances were established by the Food and Nutrition board as directed by the
largest food-producing companies.
National Academy of Sciences.
National Academy of Sciences.
Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body. Such an amino acid would be classified as a nonessential nutrient.
True
False
True
The fed state occurs
about 12 hours after a meal, when you are sleeping.
from when you are eating until about 4 hours after the meal.
from when you are eating until about 4 hours after the meal.
When fatty acids are metabolized for cellular respiration, the first step involves breaking two carbons off the chain at a time to form acetyl CoA molecules. Acetyl CoA then
undergoes glycolysis.
enters the citric acid cycle.
begins the electron transport chain.
is converted to pyruvate and lactate.
enters the citric acid cycle.
Low dietary intake of cholesterol triggers cholesterol synthesis within the liver to increase.
True
False
True
Negative nitrogen balance is commonly seen in individuals who
are pregnant or growing.
have lost blood or are malnourished.
have lost blood or are malnourished.
Essential vitamins must be provided in the diet.
True
False
True
Cholesterol is both acquired through the diet and synthesized in the body.
True
False
True
Positive nitrogen balance is a condition where
an individual's nitrogen input is equal to its loss in urine and feces.
an individual absorbs more nitrogen than is excreted.
an individual's nitrogen intake is greater than phosphate intake.
too many proteins are being ingested in the diet.
a food has a positive effect on blood nitrogen levels.
an individual absorbs more nitrogen than is excreted.
The liver is involved in the metabolism of each of the three major nutrient biomolecules.
True
False
True
Individuals who consume excess carbohydrates can deposit additional triglycerides into their adipose tissue.
True
False
True
Calcium, chloride, and potassium are all examples of _________ minerals.
major
trace
fat-soluble
nonessential
major
Inorganic ions such as sodium and potassium are
vitamins.
essential amino acids.
minerals.
trace carbohydrates.
minerals.