Excessive intake of alcohol leads to respiratory alkalosis.
True
False
False
If a strong acid were to add to the intracellular fluid, the effect would most likely be buffered, because
would act as a weak acid and donate an to become .
would act as a weak base and accept an to become .
would act as a weak acid and accept an to become .
would act as a strong base and accept an to become .
would act as a weak base and accept an to become .
A substance that dissociates in water to form cations and anions is called a nonelectrolyte.
True
False
False
Facultative water loss is loss that
occurs regardless of the state of hydration of the body.
is controlled by hormone effects on the kidney.
occurs through sweating and breathing.
is controlled by hormone effects on the kidney.
The stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are
high blood pressure, high blood volume, and high blood osmolarity.
high blood pressure, low blood volume, and low blood osmolarity.
low blood pressure, low blood volume, and high blood osmolarity.
low blood pressure, high blood volume, and high blood osmolarity.
low blood pressure, low blood volume, and low blood osmolarity.
low blood pressure, low blood volume, and high blood osmolarity.
If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their plasma osmolarity
rises and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
rises and becomes hypotonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
decreases and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
decreases and becomes hypotonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
rises and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
Which of the following does not turn off the thirst center of the brain?
Decreased blood osmolarity
Entry of fluid in the stomach
Decreased salivary secretions
Increased blood pressure
Decreased salivary secretions
Decreased stretch of baroreceptors within the aorta and carotid arteries results in stimulation of the hypothalamus; this stimulation increases ADH secretion.
True
False
True
When NaCl is added to body fluids, it results in the addition of
one solute particle per NaCl molecule and exerts an osmotic pressure equivalent to that of a nonelectrolyte.
two solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts twice the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules.
three solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts one-third the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules.
one solute particle per NaCl molecule, but because it is uncharged it does not result in osmotic pressure.
two solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts twice the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules.
When compared to extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid contains
more potassium and more negatively charged proteins.
more potassium but fewer negatively charged proteins.
less potassium but more negatively charged proteins.
less potassium and less negatively charged proteins.
more potassium and more negatively charged proteins.
If someone in an accident suffered severe burns as well as hemorrhage, they would be at high risk for
hypotonic hydration.
volume depletion.
hypotonic dehydration.
volume excess.
volume depletion.
Most potassium loss from the body occurs through
sweat.
urine.
feces.
respiration.
urine
The most common type of acid-base imbalance is
metabolic acidosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
respiratory acidosis.
respiratory alkalosis.
respiratory acidosis.
The release of aldosterone is triggered by a decrease in blood plasma potassium levels.
True
False
False
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the_________ and released from the_________.
anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
anterior pituitary; hypothalamus
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
Impaired renal function within the elderly elevates their risk for acid-base imbalance.
True
False
True
When comparing a lean adult female to a lean adult male, which will most likely have a higher percentage of body fluid?
The female
The male
The male
If an individual's respiratory rate decreases, then blood CO2 levels
rise, blood H+ levels rise, and blood pH rises.
rise, blood H+ levels rise, and blood pH falls.
rise, blood H+ levels fall, and blood pH falls.
fall, blood H+ levels rise, and blood pH rises.
fall, blood H+ levels fall, and blood pH falls.
rise, blood H+ levels rise, and blood pH falls.
Respiratory acidosis occurs when the partial pressure of
oxygen rises.
oxygen falls.
carbon dioxide rises.
carbon dioxide falls.
carbon dioxide rises.