1. The key difference between active and passive
immunization is:
A. Active immunization provides immediate
immunity
B. Passive immunization requires antigen exposure
C. Active immunization induces memory cell formation
D. Passive
immunization lasts longer than active
C. Active immunization induces memory cell formation
2. Which of the following is an example of
natural passive immunity?
A. Breast milk
antibodies
B. Receiving a flu vaccine
C. Recovering from
measles infection
D. Injection with antivenom
A. Breast milk antibodies
3. Passive immunization is advantageous
because:
A. It provides long-term protection
B. It gives
immediate protection
C. It enhances T cell memory
D. It
can be administered orally only
B. It gives immediate protection
4. The term “horse α-snake” in vaccines refers
to:
A. Recombinant vaccines
B. Source species of
antibodies
C. Attenuated virus strain
D. Chemical adjuvant
B. Source species of antibodies
5. What is the main goal of vaccination?
A. To
treat infections
B. To boost innate immunity
C. To
generate long-term adaptive immune memory
D. To increase white
blood cell count
C. To generate long-term adaptive immune memory
6. The difference between vaccination and
immunization is:
A. Immunization always requires an
injection
B. Vaccination causes passive immunity
C.
Vaccination introduces antigen; immunization is the resulting
protection
D. There is no difference
C. Vaccination introduces antigen; immunization is the resulting protection
7. Which disease is the only one eradicated by
vaccination?
A. Measles
B. Smallpox
C. Polio
D. Tetanus
B. Smallpox
8. Live attenuated vaccines:
A. Contain dead
microorganisms
B. Provide weaker immune responses
C. Can
replicate in the host
D. Cannot cause infection in
immunocompromised people
C. Can replicate in the host
9. Which vaccine type carries no risk of
infection?
A. Live attenuated
B. Inactivated/killed
C. Recombinant vector
D. mRNA
B. Inactivated/killed
10. The oral and inactivated polio vaccines differ
because:
A. Both are live
B. The oral form induces mucosal
IgA immunity
C. The inactivated form is more natural
D.
The oral form is injected
B. The oral form induces mucosal IgA immunity
11. What is an adjuvant?
A. A stabilizer in
vaccines
B. A molecule that enhances immune response
C. A
viral antigen
D. A carbohydrate subunit
B. A molecule that enhances immune response
12. Liposomes and ISCOMs are used in vaccines
to:
A. Kill bacteria directly
B. Deliver antigens more
effectively
C. Replace adjuvants
D. Increase shelf life
B. Deliver antigens more effectively
13. The NVICP (National Vaccine Injury Compensation
Program) was created to:
A. Fund new vaccine research
B.
Compensate people injured by vaccines
C. Mandate vaccinations
for all citizens
D. Approve vaccine licensing
B. Compensate people injured by vaccines
14. The VAERS system is used to:
A. Record and
monitor vaccine side effects
B. Create new vaccines
C.
Approve vaccine safety
D. Distribute vaccines
A. Record and monitor vaccine side effects
15. Non-vaccination can lead to:
A. Herd
immunity
B. Disease outbreaks
C. Higher antibody
levels
D. Reduced transmission
B. Disease outbreaks
16. Therapeutic vaccines are designed to:
A.
Prevent infection
B. Treat existing diseases like cancer or
HIV
C. Induce allergies
D. Replace antibodies
B. Treat existing diseases like cancer or HIV
17. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to
which receptor?
A. CD4
B. ACE2
C. MHC I
D. FcγR
B. ACE2
18. The relationship between infectivity and
mortality generally shows:
A. Highly infectious diseases are
always deadly
B. As infectivity increases, mortality often
decreases
C. There is no relationship
D. High mortality
always means high infectivity
B. As infectivity increases, mortality often decreases
19. How do mRNA vaccines work?
A. They deliver
antibodies directly
B. They provide live viruses
C. They
use host cells to make viral proteins that trigger immunity
D.
They neutralize toxins
C. They use host cells to make viral proteins that trigger immunity
20. Herd immunity occurs when:
A. Everyone is
infected
B. Enough people are immune that disease spread is
limited
C. Immunity only exists in animals
D. Only
children are vaccinated
B. Enough people are immune that disease spread is limited
1. What is the main advantage and disadvantage of passive immunization?
Advantage: Immediate protection.
Disadvantage: No memory formation; short-lived.
2. How did smallpox eradication succeed?
Smallpox had a human-only reservoir, a visible rash for easy detection, and an effective, stable vaccine.
3. What are the three main goals of vaccination?
(1) Prevent disease, (2) Reduce transmission, (3) Achieve herd immunity.
4. Define adjuvant and give an example.
An adjuvant enhances immune response; example: aluminum salts (alum).
5. Explain the difference between variolation and vaccination.
Variolation used material from smallpox sores; vaccination uses cowpox virus to safely induce immunity.
6. What is rational vaccine design?
Using knowledge of antigens, immune mechanisms, and genetics to build effective vaccines.
7. Explain how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells.
The spike protein binds to ACE2 receptors on host cells, allowing viral entry.
8. What is the purpose of a vaccine booster?
To increase or renew memory cell responses and antibody levels.
9. What is herd immunity threshold?
The percentage of immune individuals required to stop disease spread.
10. What is the purpose of VAERS?
To track and analyze reports of vaccine-related adverse events in the U.S.