Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

30 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

18 BMD 430 lecture 18

front 1

1. The key difference between active and passive immunization is:
A. Active immunization provides immediate immunity
B. Passive immunization requires antigen exposure
C. Active immunization induces memory cell formation
D. Passive immunization lasts longer than active

back 1

C. Active immunization induces memory cell formation

front 2

2. Which of the following is an example of natural passive immunity?
A. Breast milk antibodies
B. Receiving a flu vaccine
C. Recovering from measles infection
D. Injection with antivenom

back 2

A. Breast milk antibodies

front 3

3. Passive immunization is advantageous because:
A. It provides long-term protection
B. It gives immediate protection
C. It enhances T cell memory
D. It can be administered orally only

back 3

B. It gives immediate protection

front 4

4. The term “horse α-snake” in vaccines refers to:
A. Recombinant vaccines
B. Source species of antibodies
C. Attenuated virus strain
D. Chemical adjuvant

back 4

B. Source species of antibodies

front 5

5. What is the main goal of vaccination?
A. To treat infections
B. To boost innate immunity
C. To generate long-term adaptive immune memory
D. To increase white blood cell count

back 5

C. To generate long-term adaptive immune memory

front 6

6. The difference between vaccination and immunization is:
A. Immunization always requires an injection
B. Vaccination causes passive immunity
C. Vaccination introduces antigen; immunization is the resulting protection
D. There is no difference

back 6

C. Vaccination introduces antigen; immunization is the resulting protection

front 7

7. Which disease is the only one eradicated by vaccination?
A. Measles
B. Smallpox
C. Polio
D. Tetanus

back 7

B. Smallpox

front 8

8. Live attenuated vaccines:
A. Contain dead microorganisms
B. Provide weaker immune responses
C. Can replicate in the host
D. Cannot cause infection in immunocompromised people

back 8

C. Can replicate in the host

front 9

9. Which vaccine type carries no risk of infection?
A. Live attenuated
B. Inactivated/killed
C. Recombinant vector
D. mRNA

back 9

B. Inactivated/killed

front 10

10. The oral and inactivated polio vaccines differ because:
A. Both are live
B. The oral form induces mucosal IgA immunity
C. The inactivated form is more natural
D. The oral form is injected

back 10

B. The oral form induces mucosal IgA immunity

front 11

11. What is an adjuvant?
A. A stabilizer in vaccines
B. A molecule that enhances immune response
C. A viral antigen
D. A carbohydrate subunit

back 11

B. A molecule that enhances immune response

front 12

12. Liposomes and ISCOMs are used in vaccines to:
A. Kill bacteria directly
B. Deliver antigens more effectively
C. Replace adjuvants
D. Increase shelf life

back 12

B. Deliver antigens more effectively

front 13

13. The NVICP (National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program) was created to:
A. Fund new vaccine research
B. Compensate people injured by vaccines
C. Mandate vaccinations for all citizens
D. Approve vaccine licensing

back 13

B. Compensate people injured by vaccines

front 14

14. The VAERS system is used to:
A. Record and monitor vaccine side effects
B. Create new vaccines
C. Approve vaccine safety
D. Distribute vaccines

back 14

A. Record and monitor vaccine side effects

front 15

15. Non-vaccination can lead to:
A. Herd immunity
B. Disease outbreaks
C. Higher antibody levels
D. Reduced transmission

back 15

B. Disease outbreaks

front 16

16. Therapeutic vaccines are designed to:
A. Prevent infection
B. Treat existing diseases like cancer or HIV
C. Induce allergies
D. Replace antibodies

back 16

B. Treat existing diseases like cancer or HIV

front 17

17. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to which receptor?
A. CD4
B. ACE2
C. MHC I
D. FcγR

back 17

B. ACE2

front 18

18. The relationship between infectivity and mortality generally shows:
A. Highly infectious diseases are always deadly
B. As infectivity increases, mortality often decreases
C. There is no relationship
D. High mortality always means high infectivity

back 18

B. As infectivity increases, mortality often decreases

front 19

19. How do mRNA vaccines work?
A. They deliver antibodies directly
B. They provide live viruses
C. They use host cells to make viral proteins that trigger immunity
D. They neutralize toxins

back 19

C. They use host cells to make viral proteins that trigger immunity

front 20

20. Herd immunity occurs when:
A. Everyone is infected
B. Enough people are immune that disease spread is limited
C. Immunity only exists in animals
D. Only children are vaccinated

back 20

B. Enough people are immune that disease spread is limited

front 21

1. What is the main advantage and disadvantage of passive immunization?

back 21

Advantage: Immediate protection.
Disadvantage: No memory formation; short-lived.

front 22

2. How did smallpox eradication succeed?

back 22

Smallpox had a human-only reservoir, a visible rash for easy detection, and an effective, stable vaccine.

front 23

3. What are the three main goals of vaccination?

back 23

(1) Prevent disease, (2) Reduce transmission, (3) Achieve herd immunity.

front 24

4. Define adjuvant and give an example.

back 24

An adjuvant enhances immune response; example: aluminum salts (alum).

front 25

5. Explain the difference between variolation and vaccination.

back 25

Variolation used material from smallpox sores; vaccination uses cowpox virus to safely induce immunity.

front 26

6. What is rational vaccine design?

back 26

Using knowledge of antigens, immune mechanisms, and genetics to build effective vaccines.

front 27

7. Explain how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells.

back 27

The spike protein binds to ACE2 receptors on host cells, allowing viral entry.

front 28

8. What is the purpose of a vaccine booster?

back 28

To increase or renew memory cell responses and antibody levels.

front 29

9. What is herd immunity threshold?

back 29

The percentage of immune individuals required to stop disease spread.

front 30

10. What is the purpose of VAERS?

back 30

To track and analyze reports of vaccine-related adverse events in the U.S.