Bones of the skeleton Flashcards

Articulates with the middle phalanx at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and features a rough, horseshoe-shaped tuberosity on the palmar side.

Its main features include a base with two concave articular facets to connect with the proximal phalanx.

The main features of the proximal phalanx are its structure, which includes a base, a diaphysis (body), and a head, and its specific articulations at each end

Wedge-shaped carpal bone with a hook; articulates with capitate, triquetral, 4th and 5th metacarpals; forms ulnar carpal tunnel boundary.

Pyramidal carpal bone; articulates with pisiform, lunate, and hamate; on ulnar side; forms part of wrist joint capsule.

Largest carpal bone; centrally located; articulates with third metacarpal, scaphoid, lunate, trapezoid, and hamate bones.

Small wedge-shaped carpal bone; articulates with second metacarpal, trapezium, capitate, and scaphoid; located lateral to capitate.

Saddle-shaped carpal bone; articulates with first metacarpal, scaphoid, and trapezoid; allows thumb opposition and mobility.

Boat-shaped carpal bone; articulates with radius, lunate, trapezium, and capitate; has tubercle; commonly fractured bone.

Small pea-shaped sesamoid bone; lies in flexor carpi ulnaris tendon; articulates only with triquetral; palpable on wrist.

Crescent-shaped carpal bone; articulates with radius, scaphoid, triquetral, and capitate; central wrist bone aiding flexion-extension.

Large curved notch of ulna; articulates with humeral trochlea; enables elbow hinge movement (flexion and extension).

Proximal ulna prominence; forms elbow tip; articulates with humerus trochlea; attachment for triceps tendon; enables elbow extension leverage.

Anterior ulna projection; fits humeral trochlea; stabilizes elbow; attachment for brachialis and ulnar collateral ligament.

A small, pointed projection at the distal end of the ulna, providing attachment for ligaments of the wrist.

The distal, rounded end of the ulna; articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius

The back surface of the ulna shaft, providing attachment for several forearm muscles.

The sharp ridge along the lateral side of the ulna where the interosseous membrane attaches, connecting the ulna to the radius

A ridge located below the radial notch; attachment site for part of the supinator muscle.

A roughened area just below the coronoid process; site of attachment for the brachialis muscle.

A small depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process where the head of the radius articulates with the ulna.

The disc-shaped top part that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna.

The concave superior surface of the head that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

The smooth, rounded area around the edge of the head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, allowing rotation.

The narrow area just below the head; it supports the head and serves as an attachment site for ligaments.

A bony prominence below the neck on the medial side; attachment site for the biceps brachii tendon.

The long, central portion of the bone.

The outer surface; relatively smooth and gives attachment to muscles such as the supinator.

The back surface of the shaft; gives attachment to the abductor pollicis longus and extensor muscles.

The sharp medial ridge where the interosseous membrane attaches, connecting the radius and ulna.

The pointed projection on the lateral side of the distal radius; provides attachment for ligaments of the wrist.

The concave depression on the medial side of the distal radius that articulates with the head of the ulna

The rounded, smooth portion that articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.

The constricted region just below the head; connects the head to the shaft and allows range of motion at the hip.

The large, lateral projection that serves as an attachment site for gluteal muscles (gluteus medius, minimus, and piriformis).

The smaller, posteromedial projection where the iliopsoas muscle attaches.

A projection on the outer side of the distal femur; provides attachment for the lateral collateral ligament of the knee.

A projection on the inner side of the distal femur; provides attachment for the medial collateral ligament of the knee.

The smooth anterior surface between the condyles where the patella (kneecap) articulates with the femur.

<p data-start="295" data-end="430">The rounded upper part of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the shoulder joint.</p> <br>

Large projection on the lateral side of the humerus; attachment site for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles

Smaller projection on the anterior surface; attachment site for the subscapularis muscle.

The groove between the greater and lesser tubercles where the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii runs.

Roughened area on the lateral surface of the shaft; insertion point for the deltoid muscle.

Large projection on the medial side; attachment site for forearm flexor muscles.

Smaller projection on the lateral side; attachment site for forearm extensor muscles

Rounded knob on the lateral side of the distal humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.

Spool-shaped surface on the medial side that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

Depression above the trochlea on the anterior side; receives the coronoid process of the ulna during elbow flexion.

Large depression on the posterior side; receives the olecranon of the ulna when the elbow is extended.

intercondylar eminence – The raised ridge between the medial and lateral condyles; provides attachment for the cruciate ligaments and menisci of the knee.

Medial intercondylar tubercle – A prominence on the medial side of the intercondylar eminence; attachment site for ligaments and menisci.

Lateral intercondylar tubercle – A prominence on the lateral side of the intercondylar eminence; also serves as a ligament and meniscus attachment point.

Anterior border (shin) – The sharp ridge along the anterior surface; easily palpable under the skin (the “shin bone”).

Posterior surface – The back surface of the tibial shaft; provides attachment for several leg muscles, including the popliteus.

Medial border – The inner ridge of the tibial shaft, forming the medial contour of the leg.

Lateral surface – The outer surface of the shaft; attachment site for muscles like the tibialis anterior.

Inferior articular surface – The smooth surface at the bottom of the tibia; articulates with the talus bone of the ankle join

Fibular notch – A shallow depression on the lateral side of the distal tibia; articulates with the distal end of the fibula to form the tibiofibular joint.

Spine of scapula – The prominent ridge running across the posterior surface of the scapula; divides it into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.

Acromion – The broad, flat projection extending laterally from the spine; articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular (AC) joint.

Coracoid process – A hook-like projection on the anterior surface of the scapula (visible from posterior in part); provides attachment for muscles like the pectoralis minor, short head of biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis.

Scapular notch (suprascapular notch) – A small indentation on the superior border; allows passage of the suprascapular nerve.

Supraspinous fossa – The shallow depression above the spine; origin site for the supraspinatus muscle

Infraspinous fossa – The larger depression below the spine; origin site for the infraspinatus muscle.

Located in the center of the chest; it connects to the ribs via costal cartilages.

Upper part of the sternum; articulates with the clavicles (collarbones) and first pair of ribs.

The long, middle portion; articulates with ribs 2–7 via costal cartilages.

Small, cartilaginous lower tip that ossifies (turns to bone) with age.

Attach directly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages.

Attach indirectly to the sternum via the cartilage of the rib above them.

A subset of false ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all; they end in the posterior abdominal wall.

• Bars of hyaline cartilage that connect the ribs to the sternum.
• Provide elasticity and flexibility to the rib cage for breathing movements.

• Protection: Shields vital organs (heart, lungs).
• Support: Anchors muscles of respiration, back, chest, and shoulder.
• Respiration: Expands and contracts to assist breathing.

The clavicle is a long, S-shaped bone that connects the arm to the trunk, with key features including its S-shape, two ends, and lack of a medullary cavity

Upper jaw; alveolar process, infraorbital foramen, palatine process.

Cheekbone; temporal, frontal, maxillary processes, zygomatic arch.

Bridge of nose; forms upper nasal structure.

Medial orbit wall; lacrimal fossa for tear duct.

Posterior hard palate; horizontal and perpendicular plates.

Lower nasal septum; thin vertical plate.

Lower jaw; body, ramus, condylar process, mental foramen.

–Small body, transverse foramen, bifid spinous process (except C1, C7).

No body; anterior/posterior arches; supports skull.

Dens (odontoid process) for head rotation.

Heart-shaped body; costal facets for ribs; long spinous process.