types of nutrition
- enteral- delivers nutrition via the GI tract
- parental- administered directly into bloodstream bypassing GI tract
- partial parental- inserted into a larger vein
- total parental- inserted into a larger vein
factors impending nutritional intake
anxiety, pain, fatigue, anorexia (lack of appetite), nausea and vomiting
initial nutritional assessment
- identify specific allergies
- identify special diets at home and dietary preferences
- check for physical capabilities and need for assistance
intake
fluids taken by mouth, administered via IV, or administered per enteral or parental feedings
output
all bodily fluids that are lost, including urine, emesis, liquid stool, blood, suctioned gastric contents, and drainage from drainage devices
food intolerance
not an allergic reaction; it is an adverse reaction to a food. without activation of the immune system response
food allergy
a reaction by the patients immune system to a food protein that causes response by the immune system
allergic responses to the body
inhalation, touch, consume, reaction- mild to severe, reaction time- minutes to hours after exposure
regular diet
- no special nutritional needs or limitations
- 2,000 calories/day
NPO
NOTHING BY MOUTH!!!!!!!!
Diets modified for conistency
- clear liquid: water, broth, tea without milk
- full liquid- add opaque liquids to clear diet
- mechanical soft: add soft foods to full liquid diet
- pureed diet: any food processed in blender
clear liquid diet
provides hydration
clarity- clear or if diluted with water would be clear
full liquid diet
all liquids in a clear liquid diet
also only provides limited nutrients
mechanical soft diet
- acute or chronic difficulties with chewing ( jaw problems, missing teeth, poorly fitting dentures, and severe weakness or fatigue
purred diet
texture is somewhat ticker than full liquid but can be swallowed easily